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Heat Engines and Refrigeration

Heat Engines and Refrigeration. Presented by Group 1 (Class B). November, 2012. Outline. Heat Engines Type of Heat Engines Carnot Cycle Petrol and Diesel Engines Refrigeration Operating principle Method of Refrigeration Recent researches in Heat Engine and Refrigeration.

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Heat Engines and Refrigeration

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  1. Heat Engines and Refrigeration Presented by Group 1 (Class B) November, 2012

  2. Outline • Heat Engines • Type of Heat Engines • Carnot Cycle • Petrol and Diesel Engines • Refrigeration • Operating principle • Method of Refrigeration • Recent researches in Heat Engine and Refrigeration

  3. Heat Engines • Systems that basically converts heat energy to mechanical energy • Harnessing their work done has been the focus of development

  4. Types of Heat Engines Internal Combustion Heat Engine External Combustion Heat Engine

  5. The Carnot Cycle • Heat engines cannot convert all the input energy. • The fraction converted is called the thermal efficiency • The maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine is that of a hypothetical (ideal) cycle, called the Carnot Cycle.

  6. Petrol and Diesel Engines • Petrol • Diesel rc = V1/V2 η = 1 - 1/(rk-1) re = V1/V3

  7. 4-Stroke Engine • Induction Stroke • Compression Stroke

  8. 4-Stroke Engine • Power Stroke • Exhaust Stroke

  9. Refrigeration • Refrigerator is a reversed heat engine. • Heat is continuously transferred from the cold space to the hotter surroundings. • This is a violation of the natural law of heat transfer hence energy must be put into the system. • Refrigerators are cyclic devices. • The working fluids are called refrigerants.

  10. Common Application

  11. Operation and Principle

  12. Method of Refrigeration Ideal vapour compression cycle

  13. Method of Refrigeration Reverse carnot cycle

  14. Recent Advancement in Refrigeration Operations • Refrigerant decision based on criteria of safety, costs and environment protection • Refrigerant should have excellent thermodynamic properties, high chemical stability and good physical characteristics. • Substances used as refrigerants are: • Ammonia refrigeration convinces with top energy efficiency • Using carbon dioxide to save energy and money

  15. Recent Advancement in Refrigeration Operations • Climate-neutral cooling with hydrocarbons • Water refrigeration with up to 25% potential savings • Air: fast refrigeration at low energy costs • Double advantage for the environment and corporate balance sheets

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