Stone Mountain

1. Stone Mountain

2. Gorge

3. Providence Canyon, GA

4. Appalachian Mountains

5. Sand Mountain

6. Sink-Holes

7. Beaches

8. Cumberland Plateau

9. Lookout Mountainlast battle of Cherokees

10. Mississippi River

11. Constructive and Destructive Forces

12. What are Constructive and Destructive Forces? • Constructive Force • A constructive force is a process that raises or builds up the surface features of the Earth. • Anything that adds or builds up • Destructive Force • A destructive force is a process that lowers or tears down the surface features of the Earth. • Anything that subtracts or breaks down

13. Surface features are landforms and bodies of water that cover the Earth’s surface such as: mountains valleys canyons gorges beaches sand dunes barrier Islands What Are Surface Features? • flood-plains • moraines and drumlins • volcanoes • oceans • lakes • rivers

14. What are Constructive and Destructive Forces?

15. What are Constructive and Destructive Forces? • Constructive Force • Deposition • Volcanoes • Crust Deformation • Plate Tectonics • Earthquakes • Biological! • Destructive Force • Weathering • Erosion • Volcanoes • Plate Tectonics • Earthquakes • Biological!

16. Introduction to Topographic Maps

19. “Real World” Contour Map

20. Topographic Maps • Contour Line – - line on a map that connects points of EQUAL elevation. - show elevation and shape of the land

21. Topographic Maps • Contour Interval – difference in elevation between each line. MUST be equal spacing. Contour interval = 20 feet 580 560 540 520

22. Topographic Maps • Index Contour – Usually every 5th line is printed darker and has an elevation printed on it.

23. Closely Spaced Contours • Steeper Slope (Gradient) – contour lines are closer together.

24. Wide Spaced Contours • Gradual/Gentle Slope (Gradient) – contour lines are farther apart.

26. We build with… Constructive forces!!

27. Constructive Forces Deposition Volcanoes Crust Deformation Plate Tectonics Biological

28. Constructive Forces • Stream Deposition • As a river moves it picks up sediment and carries it away • When that water slows down the sediment drops and is deposited • Creates : Floodplains and Deltas

29. Constructive Forces

30. Constructive Forces • Glacial Deposits • As glaciers move they scrap up huge amounts of sediment and deposit it where they end • Creates : Moraine (long, low hill), Karnes (small hills)

31. Constructive Forces http://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/52212-glacier-national-park-montana-video.htm

32. Constructive Forces • Wind Deposit • Creates : Sand Dunes • Wave Deposit • Creates : Beaches, sand bars, barrier islands

33. Constructive Forces

34. Constructive Forces • Volcanoes • Creates : Islands, New Igneous Rock • Crust Deformation • Creates : Hills and Valleys (folding) Cliffs (faults)

35. Constructive Forces

36. Constructive Forces • Plate Tectonics • Creates : • Mountains, Trenches, Volcanoes (convergent) • Mid-Ocean Ridge, New Rock (divergent) • Gorges, Cracks (transform) • Biological • Creates : Lakes, Rivers http://animals.howstuffworks.com/28363-fooled-by-nature-beaver-dams-video.htm

37. Convergent

38. Constructive Forces

39. Destructive • Okay FIRST, we need to define something • Weathering – the process that breaks down land features into smaller pieces • Ex. Rain, Acid rain, Wind, Tornadoes, Floods, etc… • Erosion – the process of moving the sediment from one location to another • Ex. Rivers and Streams, Wind, Glaciers, anything that carries the sediment

40. Destructive • Weathering & Erosion • Creates : Canyons, Rivers, Lakes, Gorges • Volcanoes • Creates : Craters

41. Destructive

42. Destructive • Plate Tectonics • Creates : Trench • Destroys : Old rock

43. Destructive