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Unit 3: Human Population

Unit 3: Human Population. The Anthropocene Epoch. Is named for the alterations to the Earth’s crust as a result of human activity Industrial Revolution Atomic Age. World Population. Is 7.1 billion people Has increased exponentially over the past 10,000 years

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Unit 3: Human Population

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  1. Unit 3: Human Population

  2. The Anthropocene Epoch • Is named for the alterations to the Earth’s crust as a result of human activity • Industrial Revolution • Atomic Age

  3. World Population • Is 7.1 billion people • Has increased exponentially over the past 10,000 years • Has stopped growing as quickly • May start decreasing by 2100

  4. Human Carrying Capacity of the Earth • Is estimated between 4 and 16 billion • Depends on how we use resources • Depends on how quickly the population grows

  5. Age Structure • Expresses how a population is divided among age groups • Can show how a population is and will be affected by birth rates and life expectancy

  6. Demographic Transition • Is a change in birth and death rates over time • Occurs as nations industrialize • Overall leads to a decline in population growth

  7. Demographic Transition • Stage 1 • Birth and death rates are high • Population is stable

  8. Demographic Transition • Stage 2 • Death rates drop due to improvements in medical care and sanitation • Birth rates remain high • Population grows

  9. Demographic Transition • Stage 3 • Birth rates drop due to increased education and better employment • Population growth rate slows

  10. Demographic Transition • Stage 4 • Birth and death rates remain low due to economic stability • Population stays stable

  11. Demographic Transition • Stage 5 • Birth rates drop below death rates • Population declines

  12. Life Expectancy Affects Population Growth • Longer-lived individuals delay having children • Can result in fewer children per couple • Increased numbers of older individuals can become a burden on younger members of a population

  13. Disease Affects Population Growth • Epidemics like influenza can increase the death rate • Diseases like AIDS can decrease life expectancy

  14. Birth Rates Affect Population Growth • Total Fertility Rate (TFR) • Estimated number of children each woman in a population will have • If this number drops below the number of children needed to replace their parents, the population will shrink

  15. Birth Rates Affect Population Growth • Replacement-Level Fertility • # of births required to offset deaths • Must take into account pre-reproductive mortality • Individuals who die before reproducing • In developed nations, it is 2.1 • In developing nations, it is higher

  16. Migration Affects Population Growth • Only occurs between countries, not the planet • A positive migration indicates a country’s population is growing • More people are entering the country than leaving it

  17. Achieving Zero Population Growth • Depends on controlling birth rates • Education (sex education and general education) • Access to birth control • Delaying age of first childbearing

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