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The Civil War

The Civil War. 1861 – 1865. The North’s Strategy of War. Blockade southern coast to cut off supplies & revenues from cotton Take control of the Mississippi River, cutting the South in half. Move south from Washington & take the Confederate capital at Richmond

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War 1861 – 1865

  2. The North’s Strategy of War • Blockade southern coast to cut off supplies & revenues from cotton • Take control of the Mississippi River, cutting the South in half

  3. Move south from Washington & take the Confederate capital at Richmond • Move south into Georgia & Carolina destroying the heart of Dixie

  4. Overview of Civil War Strategy

  5. “Anaconda Plan”

  6. War in the East (1861-1862) • Battle Bull Run (Manassas): • July 21, 1861: Union troops forced to retreat out of Virginia • General Thomas J. Jackson earns the name “Stonewall”

  7. Impacts of battle: • North realized the war would be long & bloody • South grew complacent • Union lost 2896 men • Confederates lost 1982 men

  8. George McClellan (1861) • Lincoln retired Winfield Scott & named McClellan General-in-Chief • Flaw: overcautious leader • Lincoln replaced his Secretary of War with Edwin Stanton

  9. 1862: McClellan continued to build his army - asking for more men & supplies • Lincoln issued war order to make him attack - McClellan stalled George McClellan

  10. April 1862: Peninsular Campaign • McClellan moves to capture Richmond George McClellan

  11. May 1862: McClellan’s Army of the Potomac reaches to within 20 miles of Richmond - he calls for reinforcements

  12. Joseph E. Johnston • General Robert E. Lee takes command of the Army of Virginia Robert E. Lee

  13. Lee defeats McClellan in Seven Day’s Battle

  14. Stonewall Jackson • Stonewall Jackson begins his Shenandoah Valley campaign - tying up Union forces

  15. John Pope • Pope replaced McClellan • August 1862: Union defeated at Second Battle of Bull Run • McClellan replaced Pope George McClellan

  16. War in the East: 1861-1862

  17. Sept. 1862: Antietam • Lee invaded Maryland to: • Take it from the Union • Secure foreign support • Ended in stalemate • 12,401 Union dead • 10,700 Confederate dead • All in 1 day!

  18. Most important & decisive battle of the war • Closest South comes to victory • Foreign powers decided not to intervene • Emancipation Proclamation could be issued

  19. Emancipation Proclamation • Confiscation Act (1862) • Union Army could confiscate slaves as they invaded the South as “contraband” of war

  20. Sept. 1862: Lincoln published Emancipation Proclamation

  21. Not official until signed Jan. 1, 1863 • Civil War now became moral crusade with a “higher purpose”

  22. Cartoon in Harper’s Weekly by Thomas Nast

  23. All slaves in areas in rebellion declared now & forever free • Slaves in Border States not included • Although received a mixed reaction at home, it improved diplomacy with Europe

  24. Emancipation in 1863

  25. War at Sea • Anaconda Plan to blockade the major southern ports • Leaky but effective • Respected by England

  26. 1862: Ironclad ships Merrimack & Monitor clash off VA • 5 hour battle leads to a draw • Beginning of the end for wooden ships

  27. War in the West • Union General Ulysses S. Grant fights for control of the Mississippi Valley & Tennessee • Feb. 1862: Grant took Forts Henry & Donelson boosting morale

  28. Union Gunboats take control of the upper Mississippi • April 1862: Union Admiral Farragutt takes New Orleans

  29. Battle of Shiloh • April 6-7, 1862: General U.S. Grant “defeats” Johnston • Union lost 23,746 men

  30. Ulysses S. Grant

  31. 1863: The Turning Point • November 1862: Lincoln replaced McClellan with Ambrose Burnside Ambrose Burnside

  32. Dec. 1862: Burnside defeated at Fredericksburg

  33. Lincoln replaces Burnside with General Joseph Hooker Joseph Hooker

  34. May 1863: Lee’s army defeats Hooker at Chancellorsville • Stonewall Jackson killed accidentally by his own men • “He has lost his left arm, but I have lost my right arm.” – Robert E. Lee

  35. The Rebel Army

  36. Gettysburg • Lincoln replaced Hooker with General George Meade • General Lee crossed the Potomac & begins invasion of North to strengthen peace movement

  37. The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

  38. George Meade

  39. Lee hoped to draw the Union away from Vicksburg in the West • Meade heads north to Pennsylvania & the town of Gettysburg

  40. Day 1

  41. July 1, 1863: Union Cavalry under General Buford keep Lee’s forces from gaining the high ground - Union reinforces to the south of town

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