What I have seen What I have done

1. What I have seen What I have done

2. Outline • Undergraduate -- Biotechnology -- Ecology • Master -- Courses -- Research -- Project of Storma -- Field work

3. Undergraduate • Biotechnology Bored by the endless experiments in the lab • Ecology Because of many travels, got the new interest in Ecology.

4. My trips

6. Why Yunnan? • Richest biodiversity. • Minority culture. --- 26 out of 56 nations • Common boundary with several countries. • Wonderful landscape : snow mountain, stone forest, primary forest and so on

9. Master Program: International tropical and subtropical forest My foreign classmates are neally all from tropical and subtropical country : Vietnam, Indonesia, Phillipine, Nepal, China, Peru, Brazil, Sudan, Ethiopia, Cameroon Others are from Japan, Belgium, USA, Germany

10. Why Germany? • One of the most developed country all over the world • Long history and colorful culture • The origin of -- The word of sustainability -- Near to nature forest • Great efforts to protect the environment • Strong-minded and hardworking people • Free tuition

11. Sixteen lectures -- Biometric data analysis and forest dynamics -- Ecopedology of the tropics and subtropics -- Forest development policy -- Forest inventory -- Forest utilization and wood processing -- International forest economics -- Project planning, management and evaluation -- Tropical forest ecology and silviculture -- Applications of remote sensing and GIS -- Bioclimatology and global change -- Dryland forestry and methods in silviculture -- Forest genetics and plantation forestry -- Forest protection and agroforestry -- Forestry in Germany -- Impacts of forest disturbance -- Multidisciplinary Research in Tropical Production Systems Mini project “Managing sustainable forestry systems (in Germany)” -- My topic : Bioenergy utilisation Main project -- Soil respiration rate measurement in Sulawesi, Indonesia Courses

12. Storma • Full name : Stability of Rainforest margins in Indonesia

13. Storma – interdisciplinary Objectives -- find out the destabilisation of forest margins -- analyze those factors, processes and principles which facilitate the maintenance of stability there Sub – project A Social and economic dynamics Sub – project B Water and nutrient turnover Sub – project C Biodiversity Sub – project D Land use system

14. Storma :Cooperatory Two universities from Germany University of Kassel University of Goettingen Two universities from Indonesia Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)in Java The Universitas Tadulako (UNTAD) in Palu, Central Sulawesi

15. Sub-project B B1 Effects of land use on the exchange of water, carbon dioxide and energy between the rain forest margin area and the atmosphere B2 The influence of pedo-hydrological changes on water and nutrient cycles B3 Nitrogen oxide emissions from old-growth tropical rainforests and land use systems B4 Changes in the hydrological cycle along a gradient of forest use intensity

16. StudySite

17. Palu, Sulawesi

18. Description of the site • located on south of the equator on 119° eastern longitude • controlled by the Australian-Asian monsoon system • annual precipitation of about 2500 mm • a mountainous region with peaks up to 2600 m

19. Plot and sampling

20. SRR Umol m-2 s-1 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Point -point Result The average SRR is 5.34 umol CO2 m-2s-1 5.53 g C m-2 d-1 No direct relation with temperature

21. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 time One overnight measurement SRRUmolm-2 s-1 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0

22. Review of the available data

23. Acknowledgement • Thanks for my advisors • Dr. Gravenhorst • Dip. Kreilein Thanks for all my colleagues from B1 group, especailly our partners from University of Tadulako

24. Thank you for your attention