Musculoskeletal Injuries

1. Musculoskeletal Injuries

2. Musculoskeletal Injuries • Definition • Any injury that occurs to a skeletal muscle, tendon, ligament, joint, or a blood vessel that services skeletal muscle and any related tissues

3. Risks • Sport participation • Healthy and active lifestyle

4. Long term consequences • majority of these injuries are resolved without significant long-term consequences

5. Short term consequences • Decreased physical strength • Nerve impulses slow • Circulation and metabolic rates will slow • Bone mineral density decreases • Collagen level decreases in the connective tissues • Reduced cardiorespiratory function • Reduced glycogen storage

6. Common causes of musculoskeletal injury • Single traumatic event • Physical overloads • Overtraining • repetitive use

7. Frequency of injury occurrence • Age • Most occur in individuals 15-25 years of age • Male vs Female • Frequency of the different types of musculoskeletal injuries is relatively equal • Different types of specific injuries occurred more frequently due to the physiological differences between men and women

8. Frequency of injury occurrence • 25% of all athletes will expect to sustain a musculoskeletal injury in a 12-month period • Higher level athletes have an increased risk for injury d/t greater physical stresses and risks.

9. Frequency of injury occurrence • 25% foot and ankle • 22% Knee injuries • 11% Back injuries • Injuries to the lower leg, thigh, hip, shoulders, and the hand/forearm structure each occur at frequencies of between 5% and 10%

10. Injuries to the Musculoskeletal System • Injuries to the musculoskeletal system can be classified according to the body structures that are damaged. Some injuries may involve more than one structure.

11. 4 Basic types of musculoskeletal injuries • Fractures • Dislocation • Sprain • Strain

12. Common Signals of Musculoskeletal Injuries • Signals of serious injury: • Deformity • Moderate or severe pain or discomfort, swelling and discoloration • Inability to move or use the affected body part • Bone fragments protruding from a wound • Victim feels bones grating or felt or heard a snap or pop at time of injury • Loss of circulation or sensation in an extremity • Tingling, cold or bluish color below the site of the injury • Cause of the injury that suggests the injury may be severe

13. Fracture • a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone • occur when bone cannot withstand outside forces • can occur because of direct blows, twisting injuries, or falls

14. Dislocation • a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint. • dislocated bone is no longer in its normal position. • dislocation may also cause ligament or nerve damage.

15. Dislocation • Causes • usually caused by a sudden impact to the joint. • usually occurs following a blow, fall, or other trauma.

16. Dislocation • Symptoms • Visibly out of place, discolored, or misshapen • Limited in movement • Swollen or bruised • Intensely painful, especially if you try to use the joint or bear weight on it

17. Sprain • an injury to ligaments

18. Sprain • caused by a ligament being stretched too far

19. Strain • injury to a muscle or tendon • can either be a stretching or tear of the muscle or tendon

20. Strain • Causes • pulling too far on a muscle, • pulling a muscle in one direction while it is contracting (called an 'eccentric contraction') in the other direction • caused by chronic activities that develop an overstretching of the muscle fibers.

21. Sprain / Strain • Symptoms • pain • swelling • Bruising • loss of the ability to move and use the joint • instability

22. Sprain / Strain Assessment • Grades • commonly graded according to the extent of the injury. • Grade I and Grade II • usually be treated conservatively with treatments such as icing and physical therapy. • Grade III • can place individuals at higher risk for permanent instability, and an operation may be a necessary part of treatment.

23. Sprain / Strain Assessment

24. Care for Musculoskeletal Injuries • Check first for any life-threatening conditions. • Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number if — • The injury involves the head, neck or back. • The injury impairs walking or breathing. • You see or suspect a fracture or dislocation. • You see or suspect multiple musculoskeletal injuries. • Check for any non-life threatening conditions and care for any other injuries.

25. General Care • The general care for musculoskeletal injuries includes following RICE: • Rest • Immobilize • Cold • Elevate • If you are unsure whether the injury is serious, care for it as if it is a serious injury. • Take steps to minimize shock. • Comfort and reassure the victim.