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Giftighet av nanosølv for fisk I norske vann og vassdrag

Giftighet av nanosølv for fisk I norske vann og vassdrag. Silver - the most common material used in commercial nano -products. Nanosilver from a washing machine. Concentration in effluent: 2,7 µg/L to 25 µg/L Average: 10,522 µg/L Large variability!. Particles found with TEM:

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Giftighet av nanosølv for fisk I norske vann og vassdrag

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  1. Giftighetavnanosølv for fisk I norskevannogvassdrag Eivind Farmen

  2. Silver - the most common material used in commercial nano-products Eivind Farmen

  3. Nanosilver from a washing machine Concentration in effluent: 2,7 µg/L to 25 µg/L Average: 10,522 µg/L Large variability! Particles found with TEM: Size range: 6 – 11 nm • Farkas (2011) Environment international 37 (6), 1057-1062

  4. Objectives • Determineacute and sublethaltoxicityofAgNP to fish & fishcells • DetermineAgNPcharacteristics in variousmatrixes • ComparetoxicpotentialofAgNP to ionicsilver and AuNP • Assess risk to fish under ecologicaly relevant exposure scenarios Eivind Farmen

  5. In vitro experimental model What are the possible effects of nanoparticles on fish cells used as an in vitro test system? Exposure (48h) Primary hepatocytes Liver Gill Cytotoxicity Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production Epithelial integrity Primary gill epithelium cells Eivind Farmen

  6. Particle characteristics by TEM AgNPs AuNPs Roundish to oval particle shape Water cell media In–house synthesized citrate-coated NPs cell media +DOC

  7. Gold NPs Silver NPs ROS production & Cytotoxicity(hepatocytes) ROS Cytotoxicity Farkas et al. 2009. Effects of silver and gold nanoparticles on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. Aquatic toxicol. Eivind Farmen

  8. Effects on primary gill cells Ag is less cytotoxic to gill cells than to hepatocytes AuNPs were not cytotoxic Eivind Farmen

  9. 4 nm 220 nm What happens in natural water? Commercial AgNP 1:10 in natural lake water In-house AgNP 1:10 in natural lake water Eivind Farmen

  10. Effects Ag nanoparticles Control 1 g/L AgNP 20 g/L AgNP 100 g/L AgNP 20 g/L Ag+ 100 g/L AgNP2 ? ? Eivind Farmen

  11. GO analysis AgNP 20 µg/L Eivind Farmen

  12. GO analysis Eivind Farmen

  13. Transcriptional UP-regulation (Ag) 100 ug/L AgNP 20 ug/L Ag+ Na/H exchanger9 GTPase IMAP family member 4 20 ug/L AgNP Protein-Glutamine -glutamyltransferase Heme-binding protein 2 Eivind Farmen

  14. Transcriptional Down-regulation (Ag) MHC Class II 100 ug/L AgNP 20 ug/L Ag+ Interferon gamma Carbonicanhydrase 7 Na/K-ATPase 20 ug/L AgNP Eivind Farmen

  15. Mode of action Ag Blood Gill Water Na+ Na+ Na+ NaK- ATPase H+ (NH4+) K+ CO2 K+ Cl- Cl- Cl- HCO3- CO2 CO2 + H2O => H+ + HCO3- Carbonic anhydrase Eivind Farmen

  16. Hazard/risk assessment 100 ug/L AgNP 20 ug/L Ag+ 20 ug/L AgNP Control ToxicityofAgNP due to acting as reservoir for Ag+? ToxicityofAgNPhigher in soft waters ! Eivind Farmen

  17. Effects Ag nanoparticles Control 1 g/L AgNP 20 g/L AgNP 100 g/L AgNP 20 g/L AgNP 100 g/L AgNP2 Osmo-regulation Necrosis/apoptosis Eivind Farmen

  18. Work in progress Eivind Farmen

  19. Differences Ag-NPs Eivind Farmen

  20. Conclusion • High toxicityof Ag-NPs in naturalNorwegian waters • Ag-NP effectmediated by Ag+ ions? • Effectsin gills/osmoregulation • Modulationof immune system • Effect in gills> liver Eivind Farmen

  21. Acknowledgements • Farkas J, MikkelsenHN, EvensenØ, HeierLS, EinsetJ, SalbuB, RosselandBO, OughtonDH, TollefsenKE, Paul Christian, Julián Alberto Gallego-Urrea, Norbert Roos, Martin Hassellöv, Kevin V Thomas, Mie Jareid, Hanne Fossnes, Hans-Christian Teien • Funding: • Norwegian Research Council • Nanotrace Project • NIVA, SIP project 24024 NEWPOLL Thank you for listening! Eivind Farmen

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