Environmental Compliance

1. Environmental Compliance Health and Safety Management Professional Certificate in Human Resources Tom Brandon, CPP, CUSA O (619) 749- 0179 F (619) 749-0182 fortressec@cox.net

2. Environmental Compliance • Water Pollution • Air Pollution • Pollution of the land • Key events • Industrial Hygiene • Hazard Communication

3. Environmental Compliance • Water Pollution • Clean Water Act • Water Pollution Control Act • Oil Protection Act • Exxon Valdez

4. Environmental Compliance • Air Pollution • Clean Air Act • Amendments of 1990 • Kyoto Protocol • Noise Control Act

5. Environmental Compliance • Pollution of the land • Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) • Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999 • Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) • Resource Conversation and Recovery Act (RCRA) • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) “Superfund” • Love Canal • Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)

6. Environmental Compliance • Key events • Bhopal • http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/090226/the-bhopal-disaster-25-years-later

7. Environmental Compliance • Key events • Bhopal: the Union Carbide gas leak • Chernobyl: Russian nuclear power plant explosion • Seveso: Italian dioxin crisis • The 1952 London smog disaster • Major oil spills of the 20th and 21st century • The Love Canal chemical waste dump • The Baia Mare cyanide spill • The European BSE crisis • Spanish waste water spill • The Three Mile Island near nuclear disaster

8. Environmental Compliance • Bhopal • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0csW97x8d24

9. Industrial Hygiene Part science, part art Industrial Hygiene is the application of scientific principles in the workplace to prevent the development of occupational disease or injury Requires knowledge of chemistry, physics, anatomy, physiology, mathematics

10. History of IH Disease resulting from exposure to chemicals or physical agents have existed ever since people chose to use or handle materials with toxic potential In the far past, causes were not always recognized

11. IH Program: Minimum Elements Identification of health hazards Evaluation of health hazards Control of health hazards Recordkeeping Employee training Periodic program review Commonly regarded as the three phase of industrial hygiene

12. Dose-Response Relationship The toxicity of a substance depends not only on its toxic properties, but also on the amount of exposure, or the dose Differentiated between Chronic (low-level, long-term) poisoning Acute (high-level, short-term) poisoning

13. Scope of IH Recognition, Evaluation, and Control of hazards or agents Chemical Agents Dusts, mists, fumes, vapors, gases Physical Agents Ionizing and nonionizing radiation, noise, vibration, and temperature extremes Biological Agents Insects, molds, yeasts, fungi, bacteria, viruses Ergonomic Agents Monotony, fatigue, repetitive motion

14. Control of Agents Controls in this order of preference Engineering Controls Engineering changes in design, equipment, processes Substituting a non-hazardous material Substitute a less hazardous material, local exhaust ventilation Administrative Controls Reduce the human exposure by changes in procedures, work-area access restrictions, worker rotation Worker rotation, training Personal Protective Equipment / Clothing Ear plugs / muffs, safety glasses / goggles, respirators, gloves, clothing, hard-hats Respirators, gloves, eye protection, ear protection, etc.

15. Evaluation of hazards Measurements Air sampling, noise meters, light meters, thermal stress meters, accelerometers (vibration) Calculation of dose Level and duration of exposure Keep records

16. Acute and Chronic Terminology: Exposure as well as Response Acute exposure: short time / high concentration Chronic exposure: long-term, low concentration Acute response: rash, watering eyes, cough from brief exposure to ammonia Chronic response: emphysema from years of cigarette smoking

17. Routes of Exposure Inhalation Ingestion Absorption through the skin Less common Injection Absorption through eyes and ear canals

18. Professional Organizations (USA) American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), www.aiha.org, member organization American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), www.acgih.org, member organization for government employees American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH), www.abih.org, independent organization that administers certification programs for industrial hygiene professional

19. Hazard Communication Standard

20. Hazard Communication Standard • Became law under OSHA in 1983 • Mandates responsibilities for chemical “providers” (chemical manufacturers) • Evaluate chemicals • Label containers • Provide MSDS to users • Mandates responsibilities for chemical “users” (employers) • Evaluate workplace hazards • Develop written plan to communicate hazards

21. Manufacturer Employer Flow of Chemical Information Employee

22. Written Program • Lists hazardous materials • Describes labeling system • Location of MSDSs • Information for non-routine hazards explained • Describes training program • Explains how contractors’ employees are informed of hazards • Available to employees, their representatives, OSHA and NIOSH

23. Three Key Components • Container Labeling • Employee Training • General • Job Specific • Material Safety Data Sheets

24. Product Container Labeling • All containers brought into the workplace must be labeled • Bags, barrels, bottles, boxes, cans, cylinders, drums, storage tanks, piping systems • Labels to include: • Identity of chemical • Name and address of manufacturer or importer • Hazard warning

25. Labeling by Employer • Containers provided on site must be labeled • Identity of chemical • Hazard warning • All containers are labeled • Piping systems Stationary containers, tanks and vessels, process equipment • May be posted with single sign or placard

26. Hazard Labels • NFPA Fire Diamond • Red: Flammability • Blue: Health • Yellow: Reactivity • White: Special • Numbered 0-4 • 0=no hazard • 4=extreme hazard

27. Employee Training • General • Overview of standard • Implementation at site • Job Specific • Specific to work area • Specific to chemicals used • Updated with new chemicals and processes

28. MSDS • Standardized summary of the results of health and safety research on a chemical product • Available at your work site • If needed information is missing - ASK • If you have a question - ASK • Know the information before you use a chemical • Never rely on looking it up after an accident

29. Material Safety Data Sheets • CONTENTS: • Material Identification • Hazardous Ingredients • Physical Data • Fire and Explosion Data • Reactivity • Health Hazards • Spill, Leak, Disposal Data • Special Protection Information • Additional Information

30. MSDS • Material Identification • Product name/identifier • Chemical formula • Manufacturer • Emergency contacts • Hazardous Ingredients/Composition • Chemical name • CAS number • Percentage

31. MSDS • Physical Data • pH, boiling point, melting point, specific gravity, vapor density (air = 1) • Fire and Explosion Data • Flash point, LEL-UEL, NFPA rating • Reactivity Data • Materials that are incompatible • Possible reactions • Stability

32. MSDS • Health Hazards • Routes of Exposure • How can you be exposed • Types of Exposure • Chronic or acute • Toxicity • Potential to cause harm Carcinogenicity • Cancer causing

33. Health Hazards - Routes of Exposure • How can you be exposed? • Inhalation • Breath it • Ingestion • Eat or drink it • Absorption • Through the skin

34. Chronic Exposure: An adverse effect with symptoms that develop slowly over a long period of time e.g., repeated exposure to asbestos Acute Exposure: An adverse effect with symptoms that develop rapidly e.g., dropped bottle of acid Health Hazards - Type of Exposure

35. Health Hazards - Exposure Limits • Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) • Regulatory standard set by OSHA • Threshold Limit Value (TLV) • ACGH recommendation • Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) • 8-hour day and 40-hour week • Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL) • 15 min/4X per dayI60 mm interval/TWA not exceeded • Ceiling Limit (TLV-C) • At no time to be exceeded

36. Health Hazards - Toxicity Determination • Generally based on animal studies • LC50 Lethal Concentration (in air) • For 50% of test population • LD50 Lethal Dose (ingested) • For 50% of test population • IDLH • Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health • The smaller the level, the more toxic the chemical

37. MSDS • Spill, Leak, Disposal Data • Primarily used by spill team and waste operations • Special Protection Information • Equipment and precautions for handling • Additional Information • DOT shipping name and ID number • TSCA • SARA 313

38. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Safety Glasses/Goggles • Chemical, machine • Gloves • Chemical, work • Garments/Aprons/Smocks • Earplugs/Ear Muffs • Respiratory Protection • Boots

39. MSDS • It is Your Right to Know • It is Your Responsibility to Work Safely • Know What the Hazards are ...Know How to Avoid Them

40. HazCom at Home • Chemicals and products used in the home are also hazardous • Irritants: chlorine bleach, ammonia • Toxics: pesticides, herbicides, silver cleaner • Corrosives: tile cleaner, battery acid • Flammables: paints, furniture stripper, diesel fuel • Read warning labels • Be aware of potential hazards • Use with care

41. Environmental Compliance • Tools and resources • EPA • http://www.epa.gov/epahome/learn.htm • http://www.epa.gov/epahome/enviroq/index.htm • Air Quality Management District (AQMD) (business resources) • http://www.aqmd.gov/business/businessresources.html