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Universidad de Talca 4ta Jornada de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica

Universidad de Talca 4ta Jornada de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica CHILEAN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION SYSTEM Jorge Yutronic Director Ejecutivo de FONDEF Talca , December, 2005. CHILE. General Facts. Area: 756.950 km 2 Population (2002):15.116.435

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Universidad de Talca 4ta Jornada de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica

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  1. Universidad de Talca 4ta Jornada de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica CHILEAN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION SYSTEM Jorge Yutronic Director Ejecutivo de FONDEF Talca , December, 2005 Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  2. CHILE. General Facts • Area: 756.950 km2 • Population (2002):15.116.435 • Labour force (aug 05):6.322.140 • Unemployment rate (aug 05): 8,1% • Exports 2004: US$ fob 32 billions • GDP 2004: US$ 90 billions • GDP growth rate : 6 % per year • GDP p/capita 2004: US$ 6.000; 10.000 ppp • Inflation rate 2004 : 2,4% • Infant mortality 2002: 7,8 (0/00) • Literacy rate 2002 : 95,8% Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  3. Chilean R&D expenses • R&D expenses evolution: % of GDP • R&D Expenses (2004): around US$ 540 millions Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005 CONICYT ; Ministry of Economy

  4. Most of R&D activities are funded by Chilean Government • STI funding and implementing entities (%; 2002) Funding entities Implementing entities Gov. Firms, GF Goverment 7% Private 9% Firms, PF ChileanFirms Foreing firms 27% GF and PF 11% 37% Goverment Universities 55% 0% NPPO Universities NPPO 3% 0% Foreing firms 40% 11% NPPO: Non Profit Private Organizations CONICYT, Ministry of Economy Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  5. R&D expenses International Comparison • R&D expenses (% GDP) OECD Economic Survey of Chile (2005) Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  6. Applied research is growing up... • R&D expenses per type of research (year 2003) Experimental Development Basic 9% Research 29% Applied Research 62% Source: CONICYT. Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  7. Number of Chilean granted patents • Number of patents granted by Chilean Patent Office DPI: Chilean Patent Office Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  8. New patent applications (FONDEF) Nr of applications per year Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  9. Number of publications • Publications per million working-age population OECD Economic Survey about Chile (2005) . Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  10. Scholarships stock is growing up • Scholarships stock, CONICYT - MIDEPLAN (1999-2004) 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 TOTAL SCHOLARSHIPS CONICYT-MIDEPLAN Scholarships Conicyt Scholarships Mideplan Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005 Sources: CONICYT; MIDEPLAN

  11. Qualified people in comparison to other countries • Researchers per 1000 workers OECD Economic Survey of Chile (2005) Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  12. WEF indexes • World Economic Forum • Chilean evolution of Growth Competitive Index (GCI) and Technology Factors Index (TI): 42 45 40 33 32 35 31 28 27 30 24 22 25 Ranking 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 GCI TI Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005 WEF (2004)

  13. 2005 WEF indexes and comments • Chile ranks 23 in the world • Distinctive Chilean aspects according to the WEF • Highly competent macroeconomics management: 1st place in the world in management of macroeconomics • Institutional environment very transparent, open and predictable. • Public Institutions very similar in transparency and efficiency to those of EU. Only 8 out 25 EU countries are better of in this respect. . • Maturity of democracy: in spite of Chilean presidential elections in next December, there is no impact on economics • Some challenges to overcome (ranking 59 or worse) • Women employment in private sector • Quality of science and math teaching and learning • Practices of hiring and firing • Quality of Education System • Nature of competitive advantage of firms (most in natural resources and technology transfer or absorption rather than technology development) • Focus in value chain (clusters) Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  14. World Bank Knowlegde Economy Index Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005 World Bank 2004.

  15. Chilean STI System: Main actors and roles • Firms:Innovation mainly through tech transfer and adoption. Just a few have a R&D&I dpt. A quantity have been participating in R&D&I projects and consortia (with Chilean and foreign firms) funded in part by Gov (CONICYT, FONDEF) since 1992. • Public and private Universities: Basic and applied research (mainly in public universities) and leaders formation: U. CHILE, PUC, U. CONCEPCION, PUCV, U Talca, USACH, U Austral,UFSTM, U. ANDRES BELLO. Almost every Chilean researcher belongs to an university. A quantity have been participating in R&D&I projects and consortia (with Chilean and foreign universities) funded in part by Gov since 1992 • Other scientific entities(Millenium, FONDAP, Regional Centers): Basic Research funded by Central Gov (CONICYT and Mideplan) and regional Govs • Private and public and private tech institutes:Transfer and adoption of technologies and Innovation: FUNDACION CHILE. Research and innovation: INIA, INFOR, CIMM, IM2, BIOSIGMA S.A. Research for regulation and public purposes (forestry, fisheries, aquaculture, agriculture, mining, health, and so on): INFOR, IFOP, CIMM, CIREN • Government:Macroeconomic framework, policies of R&D&I, R&D&I Gov funding entities, public universities and institutes funding, R&D&I programs and projects funding through contests and bids (CONICYT, FONDEF, CORFO, FIA, FIP and others). • New National Council Innovation for Competitiveness: policy making, strategy, coordination, allocation of funds to present agencies (CONICYT, CORFO, others) Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  16. Chilean STI System:Some important relationships • Technology transfer, adoption or absorption in Chile • Gov have provided a macroeconomic equilibrium, an open economy, a transparent and stable institutional framework, a promotion system for exports and some funds for STI. • Chilean exports have been increasing at high rates since 1985. (In 2004 exports represented around 36% of GDP) • Firms have exported many new products based on: • Entrepreneurs with a deep insight of global markets and business opportunities, • Qualified executives, engineers and technicians formed in Chilean universities and, all of them dependable people, • Strategic alliances and partnerships with foreign firms that have supplied money, know how and technology, • Technology transfer, adoption or absorption with Chilean researchers and engineers assistance • Universities and tech institutes have supplied, high qualified people, facilities to prove and adapt technologies, technical assistance and training Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  17. Chilean STI System: Some important relationships • Technology development • In some sectors Chile have been reaching an important share in global markets. For instance: aquaculture (salmon), fruitculture, vitiviniculture, timber, cellulose and paper, and copper mining • There are some Chileans social, economic and infrastructure problems that require unique effective solutions • No longer technology transfer or adoption alone supplies an effective solution to compete in global markets or solve Chilean big problems; technology dev is required • Some areas and disciplines that are being developed are: biotech, ICT, cleaner technologies, pre and postcrops technologies, mining and metallurgical technologies, aquaculture technologies, forestry technologies, genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics, molecular biology, applied math modeling, geology, and so on • In house R&D is very difficult for Chilean firms. Almost anyone is a small or medium size firm according to global standards Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  18. Chilean STI System: Some important relationships • Technology development (cont.) • A Chilean solution: Since 1992 Gov funds part of R&D&I projects presented and implemented by a partnership among Chilean universities and firms. Foreign firms and universities may participate supplying money, resources, know-how and complementary technologies. They obtain a share in project results. FONDEF case. • Since 2002 some partnerships are evolved to legal tech consortia for long range R&D&I programs. Gov funds part of programs for the first 3 to 5 years. Consortia fund al least 30% to 50% of programs. After 3 or 5 years Consortia fund 100%. 1st case: Biomining (genomics, bioinformatics, proteomics), another case: CATIC Valparaiso (ICT-traceability) Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  19. Chilean STI System: Some important relationships • Technology development (cont.) • Recently Gov have funded 9 new tech consortia (Gov USD 32 millions, Firms and universities: USD 24 millions and in kind resources). They are: • Aeronautics; new unmanned airplanes • Forestry: Genomics for improving timber production • Milk: R&D in a quantity of areas for improving milk chain production • Health, Applied Biomedecine : new products for colorectal and pancreas cancer diagnosis and treatment • Biochemistry: new pharmaceutic and nutraceutic products based on materials such as phytosterols, policosanols, estilbens • Biotechnology: new or improved fruit varieties • Biotechnology: new or improved vineyard and nectarin varieties • Wine: new effective and cleaner technologies for Chilean wine differentiation, productivity and quality • Wine: New patentable products for improving competitiveness of wine Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  20. Main Chilean clusters and technologies • Chilean clusters were not created by design; they are results of market and open Chilean economy. • Fruits for export (grapes, nectarins, apples, avocados) • Location: Central Regions (4th to 7th Regions) • Exports 2004: USD 2880 millions (FOB, Central Bank) (Chilean GDP 2004: USD 90 billions; total exports 2004: USD 32 billions; Central Bank ) • Fruit producers and exporters associations • Package handling suppliers; Fertilizer and pesticide producers and services suppliers; Services suppliers of cleaner, organic and integrated production, pre and postcrop processes, farm weather forecasts, logistics, precision agriculture and so on • Some public and private STI institutions: INIA, FUNDACION CHILE, CIREN, FDF, University Centres in fruitculture (U. Talca, U. Chile, PUC Chile, PUC Valpo, others) • R&D&I projects and consortia (firms&universities): • New or improved varieties through biotech, genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics • New systems, products, services and processes based on ICT and mathematical modeling • New systems, products, services and processes based on biology, biochemestry, organic chemestry, logistics and so on Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  21. Main Chilean clusters and technologies • Chilean wine • Location: Central Regions (4th to 8th Regions) • Exports 2004: USD 843 millions (FOB, Central Bank) (Chilean GDP 2004: USD 90 billions; total exports 2004: USD 32 billions; Central Bank ) • Wine producers and exporters associations • Package handling suppliers; Fertilizer and pesticide producers and services suppliers; Services suppliers of cleaner, organic and integrated production, pre and postcrop processes, farm weather forecasts, logistics, precision agriculture and so on • Some private and public STI institutions: University Centres (PUC Chile, U. Talca), Universities (U. Chile, U. Concepcion, U. Talca, PUC Chile, others) • R&D&I projects and consortia (firms&universities): • New or improved varieties through biotech, genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics • New systems, products, services and processes based on ICT and mathematical modeling • New systems, products, services and processes based on biology, biochemestry, organic chemestry, logistics and so on Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  22. Main Chilean clusters and technologies • Aquaculture (salmons,shells and others ) • Locations: Mainly 10th Region (salmons, trouts,shells, other species) and 4th Region (shells) • Exports 2004: USD 1672 million (FOB, Central Bank) • (Chilean GDP 2004: USD 90 billions; total exports 2004: USD 32 billions; Central Bank ) • Salmon producers association, other producers association • Food (for salmons and other species) industry, ship building firms, salmon cages and net suppliers and net repair services, package handling suppliers • Earth observation aquaculture facilities; Logistics, cold chain, traceability, cleaner production, weather forecasts and so on services • Private and public STI Institutions: INTESAL: Private Technology Institute of Salmon, FUNDACION CHILE, UC Coquimbo, U. Los Lagos, PUC Valpo, U. Antofagasta, others) • R&D&I projects and consortia (firms&universities): • New cultivated marine species with great commercial potential based on biology, physiology and anatomy of species and on genomics, (diversification) • New or improved processes for salmon and other species growing based on management of temperature and light, • New or improved products, services and processes for nutrition, logistic, feeding, weather and other variables forecasts, packaging, cleaning of bottom of cages based on biotechnology, logistics, ICT • New or improved products made of salmon and other species Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  23. Main Chilean clusters and technologies • Forestry (timber,wood, wood products, cellulose and paper production) • Locations: 7th Region to 12th Region • Exports 2004: USD 3363 million (Chilean GDP 2004: USD 90 billions; total exports 2004: USD 32 billions; Central Bank ) • BIOFOREST: Private Biotechnology Forestry Institute • Logistic services • Manufacturers of wood or paper products • Suppliers of services and products for forestry industry • R&D&I projects and consortia for: • New (in Chile) or improved tree varieties, products and processes for timber, cellulose and paper production through biotech, genomics, mathematical modeling, ICT • New or improved logistic services and processes for nutrition, logistic, feeding, weather and other variables forecasts, packaging, cleaning of bottom of cages • New or improved products made of salmon and other species Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

  24. More information • www.conicyt.cl • www.corfo.cl • jyutronic@conicyt.cl Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

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