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Plants: Angiosperms

Plants: Angiosperms. Remember…. What is the group of flowering plants? In what structure is the plant embryo found which is made from a flower? What is the protective structure that surrounds a seed called?. Angiosperms Seeds Fruits. A. Flowers.

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Plants: Angiosperms

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  1. Plants: Angiosperms

  2. Remember….. • What is the group of flowering plants? • In what structure is the plant embryo found which is made from a flower? • What is the protective structure that surrounds a seed called? Angiosperms Seeds Fruits

  3. A. Flowers 1. Flowers are organs of reproduction in angiosperms 2. Flowers contain male and female reproductive parts

  4. 3. Parts of a flower a. Sepals- kinds of leaf that protect the bud, can be green or brightly colored b. Petals- kinds of leaf inside the sepals, protect reproductive parts of a flower • sometimes have brightly colored petals and nice smell to attract pollinators (exs. roses and lilies) • sometimes white or green and no smell (exs. grasses)

  5. c. Reproductive structures of a flower 1. Pistil (carpel)- female reproductive structure • Usually one per flower, in the center • contains stigma, style and ovary 2.Stamen- male reproductive structure • Usually several per flower, around the pistil (carpel) • Contains anther and filament

  6. 4. Types of flowers a. Perfect flowers- both male and female parts, stamen and pistil/carpel • Ex lily b. Imperfect flowers- only male (stamen) OR female (pistil/carpel) parts but not both • Ex zucchini

  7. B. Reproduction with Flowers Seeds and Fruits

  8. Stamen: Male reproductive Structure • 1. Stamen- contains anthers and filaments a. Filament- stalk that holds anther b. Anther- produces pollen grains which contain plant sperm, pollen released when it bursts open

  9. Pistil/Carpel: Female Reproductive Structure • 2. Pistil/carpel contains stigma, style and ovary a. Stigma- sticky top that catches pollen b. Style- tube that connects stigma to ovary c. Ovary- bottom of pistil that contains ovules with eggs inside Ovary

  10. Pollination • 3. Pollination- movement of pollen from anther of stamen to stigma of pistil/carpel • Can occur by wind, insects, bats, birds, and water

  11. Pollination a. Self pollination- pollen travels from anther of stamen of a flower and lands on stigma of pistil of SAME flower, or on different flower on SAME plant, must be perfect b. Cross pollination-pollen travels from stamen of a flower to pistil of another flower on a DIFFERENT but similar plant, flowers can be perfect or imperfect

  12. Self pollination vs Cross pollination Same Plant Different Plants

  13. Fertilization • 4. Fertilization- as part of sexual reproduction it is the joining of the nuclei of male (sperm) and female (egg) sex cells of flowers • Takes place inside the pistil

  14. Steps of pollination and Fertilization a. Pollen grain from anther of stamen lands on stigma of pistil b. One cell from pollen forms a pollen tube from stigma through style to ovary c. Other cell from pollen is called sperm & moves through pollen tube to ovule of ovary where egg is d. Nuclei of sperm and egg join (fertilze) to form a zygote e. Fertilzed egg develops into a seed f. Seed contains an embryo,or baby plant, plus a cotyledon (endosperm)

  15. seed embryo

  16. 5. Seeds and fruits a. Seeds- formed from mature (eggs in) ovules b. Fruits- from mature ovary, form around seeds to protect them c. Name some plants that have fruits. All angiosperms have fruits

  17. C. Parts of a seed and germination

  18. 1. Seed parts a. Seed coat- protects the embryo b. Cotyledon- inside seed, used to absorb food from endosperm of seed for developing plant embryo • Monocots (1 cotyledon) vs dicots (2 cotyledons)

  19. Seed parts c. Embryo- baby plant; has tiny root, stem and cotyledons (develop into leaves) d. Hilum- scar where seed was attached to ovary of flower

  20. 2. Germination of seeds Germination- development of embryo inside seed into a new plant with good soil and water

  21. 3. Seed dispersal • Seed dispersal- Movement of seeds for germination By wind, water, animals eating fruits and depositing seeds or carrying seeds on fur

  22. D. Asexual reproduction in plants

  23. Asexual reproduction • 1. Asexual Reproduction involves one parent • Offspring are genetically identical to their parents

  24. Types of Asexual Reproduction • Vegatative propagation- asexual reproduction that uses plant parts to grow new plants • Runners- underground stems • Tubers- “buds or eyes” part of underground stems • Spores- airborne particles stored in spore cases • Bulbs- leafy, underground stems • Cuttings- root, leaf or stem pieces

  25. Tubers Exs potatoes, yams Cuttings- asparagus roots bulbs runners

  26. E. Tropisms

  27. Tropisms/Plant Responses Tropism- growth response to a stimulus, (usually by growing in a certain direction) Stimulus- a change that causes response • Ex: light, touch, gravity or water

  28. 5. Types of tropisms&Positive Vs Negative Tropisms

  29. Positive Tropism Negative Tropism • Growth away from the stimulus • Growth toward the stimulus

  30. a. Phototropism • Plant’s growth in response to light • Leaves and stems grow towards light

  31. b. Gravitropism • Plant’s growth in response to gravity • Roots grow towards gravity and stems grow away from it

  32. c. Hydrotropism • Plant’s growth in response to water • Roots grow towards water

  33. d. Thigmotropism • Plant’s growth in response to touch • stems grow due to touch, grow around a structure • Example: poison ivy

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