Accumulation of Hypericin Group in Hypericum perforatum under various environmental conditions

1. Accumulation of Hypericin Group in Hypericum perforatum under various environmental conditions Sungbong Oh Plant Environment Control Lab., SNU

2. Hypericum perforatum Order: Theales Family: Clusiaceae Genus: Hypericum Commonly known as St John�s wort Used mainly as an antidepressant Hypericin group Hypericin and pseudohypericin ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???, ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. Hypericum perforatum ?? ??? ??? ? ?????, ????? ?????? ????????, ? ?? ?, ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ??, ??? ? ??? ????? ?????? 1997??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????.?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???, ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. Hypericum perforatum ?? ??? ??? ? ?????, ????? ?????? ????????, ? ?? ?, ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ??, ??? ? ??? ????? ?????? 1997??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????.

3. Structures of hypericin group

5. Natural medicine production from plants Involves extraction of phytochemicals from growing plants A process often tedious and costly Low yields The target compounds often only being seasonally available

6. Environmental control; maximizing production of the target compounds Temperature Nutrient supply Light intensity CO2 elevation

7. Temperature control Temperature 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 oC Light 250 �mol m-2 s-1 16 h photoperiod CO2 1000 �mol mol-1 Relative humidity 60 %

8. Biomass production Maximum biomass production at 25 oC Poor plant growth resulting from low CO2 assimilation at 15 and 35 oC

9. Net photosynthetic rates and total peroxidase activity

10. Concentration of hypericin group

13. Light intensity and nitrogen control

17. Elevated carbon supply in bioreactors St. John�s wort grown in bioreactors CO2 CO2 non-enriched growth chamber: 350-400 �mol mol-1 CO2 enriched growth chamber: 1500-1800 �mol mol-1 Concentrations of sucrose 15, 30, 45, and 60 g l-1 Temperature 24 oC Light 35 �mol m-2 s-1, 16 h photoperiod

20. Light intensity and elevated CO2 level

25. Summary Limited CO2 assimilation at high temperature Low capacity to tolerate high temperature Elevation in leaf hypericins when increasing light intensity, CO2 concentration and lowering nitrogen supply Hypericin contents associated with leaf net photosynthetic rate Hypericin group concentration in St. John�s wort can be increased by controlling environment factors

26. Thank you

27. References Briskin, D.P.and M.C. Gawienowski. 2001. Differential effects of light and nitrogen on production of hypericins and leaf glands in Hypericum perforatum. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 39: 1075-1081. Mosaleeyanon, K., S.M.A. Zobayed, F. Afreen, and T. Kozai. 2005. Relationships between net photosynthetic rate and secondary metabolite contents in St. John's wort. Plant Science. 169: 523-531. Zobayed, S.and P.K. Saxena. 2004. Production of St. John�s Wort Plant under Controlled Environment for Maximizing Biomass and Secondary Metabolites. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant. 40: 108-114. Zobayed, S.M.A., F. Afreen, and T. Kozai. 2005. Temperature stress can alter the photosynthetic efficiency and secondary metabolite concentrations in St. John's wort. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 43: 977-984. Zobayed, S.M.A., F. Afreen, and T. Kozai. 2007. Phytochemical and physiological changes in the leaves of St. John's wort plants under a water stress condition. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 59: 109-116. Zobayed, S.M.A., S.J. Murch, H.P.V. Rupasinghe, and P.K. Saxena. 2003. Elevated carbon supply altered hypericin and hyperforin contents of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L. cv `New Stem') grown in bioreactors. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. V75: 143-149.

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39. ??????? [St. John's wort] ????? ?????? ??????. ??: Hypericum perforatum ???: ???? ????? ???: ??? ???????? ? 1m ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????. ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???. ???? 'perforatum'? '??? ??'??? ?? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????.?? ? 1m?? ???. ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???. ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??. 6~8?? ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????? ???. ??? 5??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??. ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???. ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??.  ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??. ???? ????? ????. ?? ????? ??�????(Hypericin)�????(Hyperforin)�???�?? ???. ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??, ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???. ?? ??? ???? ???? ????�????�???? ?? ??? ? ? ??

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41. ????? ??? ???? ????(Hypericum erectum)? Hypericin ?? ? ???? St. Jhon�s wort? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? hypericin? ???. ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ??????, ????? hypericin ?? ??. 200m?? ?? ?? 500, 1300m?? ?? ??? ?? ??.