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Visualizing Uncertainty: Computer Science Perspective

Explore techniques for visualizing uncertainty across various fields like scientific data, medical images, financial models, and more. Learn from leading experts at the National Academy of Sciences workshop.

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Visualizing Uncertainty: Computer Science Perspective

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  1. Visualizing Uncertainty:Computer Science Perspective Ben Shneiderman, Univ of Maryland, College Park Alex Pang, Univ of California, Santa Cruz National Academy of Sciences Workshop March 3-4, 2005, Washington, DC

  2. What do we mean by uncertainty? Why is this an issue now?

  3. Sources of uncertainty • Scientific data • Intelligence sources • Statistical analyses • Medical images • Gene expression • Simulations • Financial models • Weather • Consumer ratings • Measurement problems • Ranges/Summaries • Missing data • Human ratings • Potential deceptions • Privacy protection • Risk assessments • Forecasts NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  4. Visualizations • Text, statistical measures… • 1D: Lists, documents, numeric ranges… • 2D: Geographic Info • 3D: Scientific Visualization • Multi-Variate: Information Visualization • Temporal: Patient histories, web logs … • Tree: Taxonomies, org charts, directories … • Network: Social, communication… InfoVizSciViz NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  5. Text: Statistical uncertainty • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  6. Risk/Danger vs. Trust/Validity/Security Terror Threat levels • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network Highly About Highly Unlikely Unlikely Even Likely Likely NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  7. 1D: Ranges, variations & forecasts • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  8. 2D: Ball glyphs Delta (observation - forecast) Text 1D 2D 3D Multi-V Temporal Tree Network http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/slvg/assim.html NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  9. 2D: Arrow glyphs (Direction & velocity) http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/avis/unvis.html NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  10. 2D: Box glyphs Schmidt et al., 2004, Underwater Environmental Uncertainty, IEEE CG&A http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/cg/2004/05/g5056abs.htm NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  11. 2D: Grid with transparency/shading Lefevre, Pfautz & Jones http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/82400.pdf NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  12. 2D: Isolines with missing values Off-the-shelf software can give incorrect contours on data with lots of missing values. Modifications to contouring algorithm to account for large number of missing values. NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  13. 2D: Pseudocolor shows mean values Luo, Kao & Pang, 2003, EuroVis http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~pang/op.pdf NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  14. 2D: Darkness = uncertainty (high stddev) Mean = hue Skew = 1/saturation Stddev= 1/value NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  15. 2D: Separate layer http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~bordoloi/Pubs/pdfCluster.pdf NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  16. 2D: Streamlines with binwise + Luo, Kao & Pang, 2003http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~pang/op.pdf NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  17. 2D: Weather forecast NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  18. 2D: NOAA Storm Prediction Center http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/ NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  19. 2D: Dual views & grid lines Dark shows pollution Dark shows Certainty (Howard & MacEachren, 1996) (Cedlink & Rhenigas, 2000) NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  20. Dual maps for Rate and reliability Bivariate color scheme Double hatch shows unreliable (MacEachren et al., 1998) NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  21. 2D: Gray for missing & interpolation Gray shows missing & interpolated value, superior to using black only Twiddy, R., Cavallo, J., and Shiri, S. 1994. Restorer: A visualization technique for handling missing data. IEEE Visualization94, 212-216 http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a000000/a000010/index.html NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  22. 3D: Fuzzy molecular surface: HIV protease • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network Crisp molecular surface Probe radius 1.4 Fuzzy molecular surface Probe radius 1.4 Crisp molecular surface Probe radius 5.0 Fuzzy molecular surface Probe radius 5.0 Lee & Varshney (2002), UM Graphics and Visual Informatics Labhttp://www.cs.umd.edu/gvil NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  23. 3D: Fuzzy molecular densities NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  24. 3D: Uncertainty ‘dust’ NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  25. 3D: Color & opacity NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  26. Multi-V: Database/spreadsheet tables • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  27. Multi-V: Database/spreadsheet tables • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  28. Temporal: Granularity of time • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  29. Temporal: Granularity of time • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  30. Temporal: Granularity of time Time Uncertainty Hi Med Low • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  31. Temporal: Granularity of time • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  32. Tree: Topology, values & names Certainty Hi Med Low Very Low • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network • - Gene Ontology • - Tree of Life • Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) • Chain of command/Org chart NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  33. Tree: Topology, values & names Certainty Hi Med Low • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network Capacity Hi Med Low NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  34. Tree: Topology, values & names Leland or Lee Mike or Michael Alex or Alan Barbara Scott Ben or Benjamin Diane or Di Ed or Edward or Eddie Certainty Hi Med Low • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  35. Network: Social relationship • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network http://prefuse.sourceforge.net/demos-radial.html NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  36. Network: Communication capacity J.A. Brown, McGregor A.J and H-W Braun. NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  37. Network: Node & edge uncertainty Certainty Hi Med Low • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network Flow Hi Med Low Capacity Hi Med Low NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  38. Next steps Explore novel approaches to: • Text: standard terms, percent, probabilities • Box plots, whiskers, ranges • Uncertainty glyphs, isoclines,… • Contours, surfaces, volume rendering • Hue, saturation, value, focus, haze, dust,… • Dual views, probes • Animation, blinking, shaking, flipping,… • Sound, haptics,… NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  39. Next steps • Heighten awareness of the problem among public, professionals, researchers & developers • Support multi-valued data representation standards • Explore techniques for each data type • Develop guidelines for implementers: • Data formats • Interactive interfaces • Visual presentations • Develop human performance evaluation methods • Publish benchmark datasets & evaluation metrics • Form guidelines for how to propagate/integrate uncertainty markers NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

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