Living with the Bomb

1. Living with the Bomb Mr. Bach Accelerated world history Hudson high school

2. The Mahabharata (5th Cent. BC) • A single projectile charged with all the power in the Universe...An incandescent column of smoke and flame as bright as 10,000 suns, rose in all its splendor...it was an unknown weapon, an iron thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death which reduced to ashes an entire race. • "The corpses were so burned as to be unrecognizable. Their hair and nails fell out, pottery broke without any apparent cause, and the birds turned white. • "After a few hours, all foodstuffs were infected. To escape from this fire, the soldiers threw themselves into the river."

3. Trinity – July 16, 1945 • “I am become death, the destroyer of worlds.” • J. Robert Oppenheimer (quoting the Bhagavad Gita) • “Now we’re all sons of bitches.” • Ken Bainbridge

4. The Race to Split the Atom • Albert Einstein informs FDR of the potential to build an atomic bomb (August 2, 1939) • Worried that Hitler has started to pursue the bomb.

5. The Manhattan Project • The nation’s best physicists are assembled at Los Alamos Lab (New Mexico) to build an atomic weapon. • Uranium Enrichment Plant built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

6. J. Robert Oppenheimer • Manhattan Project Director • Becomes an outspoken opponent of the bomb after WWII

7. The First Sustained Nuclear Reaction • Enrico Fermi creates the first man-made nuclear reaction under the football stands at the University of Chicago. • December 2, 1942.

8. How Does a Nuclear Reactor Work?

9. Red Gate Woods

10. Gadget • The first atomic bomb is exploded in the New Mexico desert on July 16, 1945. • The U.S. has now entered the Atomic Age.

11. How Does an Atom Bomb Work? • Atomic fission (splitting nuclei) • Byproducts = heat and gamma radiation • Unstable elements needed to build a bomb, 2-3 pounds of: • Uranium-235 or • Plutonium-239

12. Fission Reaction

13. Stages of the Atomic Blast • Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) – wipes out all electrical devices • Flash of light – will burn corneas • Intense heat flash – vaporize people near ground zero • Blast wave – pressure from bomb flattens buildings • Heat wave – fire then fills the void of the blast wave and burns

14. Radioactive Fallout • Radioactive debris starts to fall from the sky • Causes gene mutation in living things and death from radiation sickness • Environment becomes uninhabitable • Nuclear Winter – fallout debris blots out the sun.

15. Hiroshima and Nagasaki • August 6, 1945 – Enola Gay drops “Little Boy” on Hiroshima (immediately kills 80 thousand people) • August 9. 1945 – Bockscar drops “Fat Man” on Nagasaki (immediately kills 60 thousand people)

21. Then . . . August, 29, 1949 • Soviets test “Joe #1” • Soviets obtain technology for A-Bomb partly through espionage • Causes fear and panic in the United States

24. The Hydrogen Bomb • Nicknamed the “Superbomb” • Edward Teller – Father of the Hydrogen Bomb

25. Fusion Reaction • Atomic bomb is the detonator for a Fusion bomb. • Fuses together the nuclei of hydrogen to create helium • The Power of the Sun

26. Fusion Reaction

27. The Hydrogen Bomb

28. So Why is “World War III” a Cold War?