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Orbital Characteristics of Extra-Solar Planets

Orbital Characteristics of Extra-Solar Planets. The difference from our own Solar system. Discovery of new binaries (and brown dwarfs and massive planets ) with the relativistic beaming effect. In the solar system:. Giant planets far away (>5 AU) Circular orbits

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Orbital Characteristics of Extra-Solar Planets

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  1. Orbital Characteristics of Extra-Solar Planets The difference from our own Solar system Discovery of new binaries (and brown dwarfs and massive planets ) with the relativistic beaming effect T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  2. In the solar system: • Giant planets far away (>5 AU) • Circular orbits • Planetary orbits aligned with the Solar spin (Obliquity < 7 deg) T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  3. The main paradigm for planetary formation: Accretion disc T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  4. 51 Peg Mayor & Queloz 1995 The new era: Precision ~10 m/s T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  5. RV Jupiter Neptune Earth T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  6. Mass distribution Planets discovered by RV T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  7. Close-in giant planets • Giant planets far away • Circular orbits • Orbits aligned with Solar spin Planets discovered by RV Period distribution T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  8. Migration T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  9. HD80606(Naef et al. 2001)e=0.93P=112 daysmsini=4MJup T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  10. Giant planets far away • Circular orbits • Orbits aligned with Solar spin T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  11. Transits The inclination (i) must be very close to 90° T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  12. T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  13. T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  14. Transit of Venus The first known observation of a transit of Venus was made by Jeremiah Horrocks from his home at Carr House in Much Hoole, near Preston in England, on 4 December 1639 (24 November under the Julian calendar then in use in England). His friend, William Crabtree, also observed this transit from Broughton, near Manchester.  T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  15. HD 209458 Mazeh et al., 2000 T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  16. Charbonneau, Brown, Latham & Mayor 2000 Henry, Marcy, Butler & Vogt 2000 Depth: ~1.5% Duration: ~2.5 hours HD 209458 Phase consistent with the radial velocities T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  17. HD209458 Brown, Charbonneau, Gilliland, Noyes & Burrows, 2001, HST photometry T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  18. T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  19. T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  20. HAT-P-2 May 2007 T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  21. Transiting planets Orbit of planet Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination (obliquity) T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  22. Spin-orbit relative inclination Orbit of planet Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination (obliquity) T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  23. The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect Gaudi & Winn 2007: T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  24. T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  25. Obliquity of extrasolar planets Winn, Fabrycky, Albrecht, Johnson, 2010: T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  26. Winn et al. 2009 HAT-P-7 T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  27. Giant planets far away • Circular orbits • Orbits aligned with Solar spin T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  28. Migration ? Highly eccentric orbits & Spin-orbit MISalignment Migration T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  29. Planet-planet interaction e.g., Juric & Tremaine 2008 • Stars around the center of our galaxy • Oort cloud Migration ? Highly eccentric orbits & Spin-orbit MISalignment T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  30. The CoRoT mission • A French CNES mission withEuropeanpartners & Brazil • 27cm telescopewith polar orbit • Launchedon 12 / 27 / 2006 T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  31. CoRoT-7b: first super –earth transiting planet • First detected by alarm mode • 153 transits, • all ~ seen when superimposed d=150pc • Short period : P= 0.8536 days • >> transit depth : F/F = 0.035%=350 ppm • compatible with Rpl = 1.8R T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  32. Synchronization CoRoT-7b T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  33. The Kepler mission • A NASA mission • 95 cm telescopewithearth-trailingorbit • Launchedon 07 / 03 / 2009 ~170,000 stars monitored for (3.5) 7 yrs T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  34. T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  35. Kepler-11 T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  36. Welsh et al., Nature481,475(26 January 2012) Observations of Kepler-34 P=27.7958103+/-0.000001 d T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  37. Welsh et al., Nature481,475(26 January 2012) Observations of Kepler-34. T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  38. Welsh et al., Nature481,475(26 January 2012) Observations of Kepler-34. P=27.7958103+/-0.000001 d T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  39. Circumbinary planet

  40. Kepler-47 T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  41. Kepler-47 T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  42. Kepler-47 T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  43. Kepler-47 T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  44. One central star In the solar system: • Giant planets far away • Circular orbits • Planetary orbits aligned with the Solar spin (Obliquity ~ 7 deg) T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  45. The Brown-Dwarf Desert Grether & Lineweaver 2006 T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  46. BEER algorithm to discover short-period binaries BEaming, Ellipsoidal & Reflection effects in CoRoT and Kepler Lightcurves Tsevi Mazeh & Simchon Faigler Tel Aviv University

  47. T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  48. Leob & Gaudi 2003 T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

  49. Beaming effect in binaries T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

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