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Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks Submission Title: [Status report of the subgroup on channel modeling] Date Submitted: [March 16, 2005] Source: (1) Bruce Bosco, Motorola (2) Celestino Corral, Freescale (3) Shahriar Emami, Freescale

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Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks

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  1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks Submission Title: [Status report of the subgroup on channel modeling] Date Submitted: [March 16, 2005] Source: (1) Bruce Bosco, Motorola (2) Celestino Corral, Freescale (3) Shahriar Emami, Freescale (4) Gregg Levin, BridgeWave (5) Abbie Mathew, NewLANS Purpose: [Contribution to 802.15 SG3c at March 2005 meeting in Atlanta, GA] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  2. Objective Develop channel models based on applications submitted in response to the CFA. Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  3. Status • Nine conference calls to date • Participation • 15 members in subgroup • Average of 5 per conference call • 3 minimum (in early days) • 8 maximum (at the last conference call) • Tasks completed • Classified applications • Reviewed 59 papers and classified them • Refer to document 148 for details • Classified operating environment • Classified channel models Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  4. Profile of Applications .. continued .. Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  5. Profile of Applications Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  6. Operating Environment .. continued .. Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  7. Operating Environment Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  8. Model Classification Indoor Outdoor Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  9. Qualification of Data Rate • Specify if the data rate is at the PHY SAP or PMD SAP • Any reference to data rate will assume simplex link as existing 802.15.3 MAC only supports TDD Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  10. Reviewers Indoor Will be presented by Gregg Levin Outdoor Brief on 802.11p Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  11. Models A, B, & C Indoor Environment • A: Convention center, ware house • B: Residential • C: Office Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  12. Models A, B, & C Findings • Measurements in a library verify one cluster S-V model (BROADWAY). • Measurements in an office environment verify S-V model (Samsung). • Other measurements have seen multi or single cluster structure in S-V model. • Proposed models include, single and multi cluster S-V model, modified S-V and frequency domain approach. Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  13. Models A, B, & C Conclusions • There is a fair amount of published work on 60 GHz indoor channel modeling. • Measurement environments include room, library and office. • Majority of published work recommend some form of S-V model. • There is no published results for convention center or ware houses environments. Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  14. Models A, B, & C References • BROADWAY functional system parameter description • BROADWAY study "the 60 GHz channel and its modeling" • Compound statistical model for 60 GHz channel • MEDIAN 60 GHz wideband indoor radio channel measurements and model • Analysis of 60 GHz band indoor wireless channels with channel configuration • Indoor channel modeling at 60 GHz for wireless LAN application • A statistical model for the mmW indoor radio channel • Wireless broadband multimedia communications in mmW: frequency domain simulation of the frequency selective radio channel Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  15. Models D Contents • Operating Environment • Outdoor Channel Phenomena • Oxygen effects • Rain Effects and Prediction models • Notes on Multipath phenomena • References Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  16. Models D Operating Environment Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  17. Models D Previous Studies & References • BROADWAY studied 60 GHz for HIPERLAN outdoor propagation effects • CRABS – outdoor millimetric wave prop. study • ITU CCIR reports on propagation through the atmosphere • Xu, Rappaport, Kukshia and Izadpanah 802.161pc-00_12: 42GHz in campus with obstructions; 200m-600m found multipath Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  18. Models D General Characteristics • Expected high bit rates, typical >1 Gbps • Otherwise current 802.11 802.15 802.16 will be more cost effective • Expected higher gain antenna to cover distance • Directional antennas are less sensitive to multipath • At large distance (> 200 m) oxygen absorption and rain scattering/depolarization become significant Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  19. Models D Channel Model Phenomena • Basic free-space loss (Lfs) • Obstructions blockage (Lb) • Multipath fading/delay spread • Precipitation link loss by scattering and depolarization, dominated by rain effects, (R) • Oxygen absorption (O) • Channel loss for distance “d” (all in dB): • L (d) = 20 log[l/(4*p*d)] + (O + R )*d • Note the exponential-distance effect of oxygen and rain Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  20. Models D Oxygen Absorption & Rain Attenuation 57-66 GHz(12-16 dB/km) FSO (30-400 THz) Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  21. Models D Oxygen Absorption Details (ITU) Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  22. Models D Oxygen Absorption Details (ITU) • Peak – 15dB/km at 60 GHz • About 12dB/km at edge of FCC band • Decreases with altitude, air temperature, falling barometric pressure • Long range links should use band edge and LANs should sue the center Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  23. Models D Rain Zones In The Americas (ITU) Example * 60 GHz Max. Link Distances A = 840m B = 800m C = 775m D = 745m E = 725m F = 690m K = 625m M = 555m N = 480m * 141 dB link budget 14 dB/km oxygen loss 99.99% availability Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  24. Models D Rain Attenuation (dB/Km) Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  25. Models D Rain Loss Prediction Models • ITU • Figure rain statistics from Rep 563-4 • Figure attenuation from Rep. 721-3 • Crane • More detailed statistics • More refined rain zones • Computerized version available • Available for North America only • Crane appears to be more pessimistic than ITU Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  26. Models D 60 GHz LOS • The space between two radios separated distance D shall be free of obstacles within a radius R (“First Fresnel Zone”) • R (at mid point between radios) = 0.5 * (D * wavelength)1/2 • For more details: BROADWAY-WP1-D2 D R Shahriar Emami, Freescale

  27. Models D 60 GHz NLOS Path Tools

  28. Models D 60GHz LOS Multipath Phenomena • Negligible under no-precipitation if directional antennas are used and the first Fresnel zone is unobstructed • Reflections from objects and ground caused multipath as reported by BROADWAY, CRABS and Xu. • Outdoor short-range applications need multipath model. Since S_V is general enough, it could be adopted for these applications.

  29. Models D References • ITU, Reports of the CCIR, 1990, Annex to Volume V, “Propagation in Non-Ionized Media” • BROADWAY WP1D2 2001: “Functional System Parameters Description”, including Annex 1 and Annex 2. • CRAB D3P1B 1999: “Propagation Planning Procedure For LMDS” • Xu, Rappaport, Kukshia and Izadpanah:Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of 60-GHz • Indoor Channels - 802.161pc-00_12

  30. Model E Outdoor Mobile Environment • Vehicle to vehicle • Vehicle to fixed-station • Moderate to large multipath effects • Potentially non LOS • Doppler effects Bruce Bosco, Motorola

  31. Model E Findings For outdoor, city environments, disregarding effects from motion: • In general, if streets are empty (no major reflection sources or obstructions) there is a tendency that the delay parameter values will increase with increasing street width. • City streets do not normally represent a severe multipath situation • The dimensions of a city square, typically being larger than the city streets, results in much larger dispersion. • A road tunnel represents a very homogeneous situation and has many similarities to the city street environment. • A parking garage represents a bad multipath situation because of the large dimensions and the relatively smooth surfaces creating strong reflections. .. continued .. Bruce Bosco, Motorola

  32. Model E Findings For outdoor, city environments, disregarding effects from motion: • A decrease on the wall roughness (as for example a shopping street with many windows) will lead to an increase of the delay (which is due to higher reflections from the walls) of about 10 ns. • The presence of trees in the street decreases the values by 3 to 4 ns (assuming that the direct ray is not obstructed), which is not very significant. • An increase of the street width will augment the values of the parameters of the impulse response. • Reference: [1] Bruce Bosco, Motorola

  33. Model E Findings: General • The 60 GHz channel can be modeled as a received waveform that is a superposition of three components. • Propagation along a line of sight path. • A path reflected from the road surface. • Paths from the large number of reflectors and scatters in vicinity of the road. • Model “proved” through “extensive simulations”. • Reference: [2] • The statistical evaluation of extensive field measurements at 60GHz showed that the channel behavior can be described by a Rice/Raleigh lognormal process. • This process describes multipath effects as well as shadowing by obstacles. • Reference: [3] .. continued .. Bruce Bosco, Motorola

  34. Model E Findings: General • A more realistic channel can be realized by combining a two-path model with addition multipath propagation. • Range is substantially reduced if LOS is obstructed by trees , buildings, etc. • The minima of the two-path model are filled up by the multipath signal. • Reference [4], [5] • A realistic channel model can be developed using a deterministic approach. • For LOS conditions, only two factors are needed to predict the channel model: Rice-factor and the variance of the antenna height fluctuation. • Reference [6] Bruce Bosco, Motorola

  35. Model E Conclusions • There are some publications and models for 60 GHz mobile applications. • Models and measured data exists for relative vehicle speeds on the order of 108 Km/hr. • Path loss models should be applicable. • Data related modeling may or may not scale – data rates in referenced models were in the range of Kbps to ~ 10s Mbps… Bruce Bosco, Motorola

  36. Model E References • BROADWAY study "the 60 GHz channel and its modeling“ • Analysis of a digital modem for continuous phase CDMA terrestrial mobile radio • Computer aided design and evaluation of mobile radio local area networks in RTI/IVHS environment • Channel modeling of short range radio links at 60 GHz for mobile intervehicle communication • Propagation characteristics of short range radio links at 60 GHz for mobile intervehicle communication • A new deterministic/stochastic approach to model the intervehicle channel at 60 GHz Bruce Bosco, Motorola

  37. Brief on 802.11p 802.11p PAR • Purpose: Amendment to IEEE 802.11 to support vehicular communications including rail and marine. • Scope: • Range: Up to 1000 m • Speed: Up to 200 km/h • Band: 5.850 - 5.925 GHz in North America • Data rates: Up to 54 Mb/s • Example Applications • Intersection collision warning • Stopped vehicle hazard warning • Emergency vehicle approach warning • Work zone warning. • Road hazard warning. Celestino Corral, Freescale

  38. Brief on 802.11p Projects With Similar Scope • ASTM International Standard E2213-03. • ISO TC204/WG15 wide area communication is working on ISO CD 21215 (CALM M5); 802.11p structured so as not to overlap with this effort. • IEEE 802.20 differentiator: • Spot or narrow zone coverage. • Different frequency band. • Target safety related transportation application at very high data rates up to 27 or 54 Mbps. Celestino Corral, Freescale

  39. Brief on 802.11p IEEE 802.11p Specifics • IEEE 802.11p, like ASTM International Standard E2213-03 is based on the IEEE 802.11a physical layer. • IEEE 802.11a physical layer is based on OFDM and designed for quasi-static environment. • Assumed channel models are similar to those used for IEEE 802.11a. (No 802.11p specific channel models have been found.) • Challenge for 802.11p is mobility. For very short messages, 802.11a can handle channel.* * S. Sibecas, C. A. Corral, S. Emami and G. Stratis, “On the suitability of 802.11a/RA for high-mobility DSRC,” VTC 2002, vol. 1, pp. 229 - 234. Celestino Corral, Freescale

  40. Brief on 802.11p Recommendations • Key differentiators as related to SG3c: • Use of IEEE 802.15 MAC • Different frequency band • Higher data rates • For large data downloads to a stationary vehicle, simply form piconet with vehicle (no mobility). • In application spaces considered, 802.11p meets requirements and has support. Activity by SG3c along these lines will overlap with 11p and must be approved by Excom. Celestino Corral, Freescale

  41. Next Action Items • Review channel model papers • Simulate models in mathlab • Develop a channel model document • Review cycle • Submit at IEEE meeting in Garden Grove in September Nine months effort Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  42. Call For Participation • Request your participation – join us! • Next weekly meeting is on March 21,2005, Monday • Dial-in number: +(641) 497-7100 • Access code: 657719# • Time • UTC/GMT: 1900 hours • Eastern Standard Time: 1400 hours • Mountain Time: 1200 hours • Pacific Standard Time: 1100 hours • Japan, South Korea: 0400 hours, +1 day Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

  43. 2 1 Time For Future Conference Calls Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

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