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Buddhism

Dana Bratton & Asher Mathew 2005. Buddhism. Understanding Thai Buddhism for Evangelism. The Buddha Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BC).

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Buddhism

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  1. Dana Bratton & Asher Mathew 2005 Buddhism Understanding Thai Buddhism for Evangelism

  2. The BuddhaSiddhartha Gautama(563-483 BC) • Buddhism is a religion and philosophy founded in India c.525 B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama, called the Buddha. There are over 300 million Buddhists worldwide. Born a prince and raised in luxury, he left his family and possessions at the age of 29 to search for an ultimate solution to the problem of the suffering.

  3. Basic Beliefs and Practices • The basic doctrines of early Buddhism, which remain common to all Buddhism, include the four noble truths.

  4. The Three Refuges(Jewels) • The Buddha • The Dharma (teachings, doctrine) • The Sangha (the Order)

  5. Tripitaka • “Three baskets” • Vinaya Pitaka—monastic rules • Sutta Pitaka—teachings of the Buddha • Versions of the Law • Other Lives • Abhidhamma Pitaka—supplement to the doctrines (esoteric)

  6. The Teachings of the Buddha The Four Noble Truths

  7. Preface to the Four Noble Truths:The Middle Path By avoiding these two extremes, we discover a Middle Path, a path which opens the eyes, which bestows understanding, and which leads to peace of mind, to wisdom, to full enlightenment, to Nirvana. Two extremes to be avoided: (1) Hedonism (2) Asceticism This Middle Path is the Noble Eightfold Path, namely, Right Views, Right Intent, Right Speech, Right Conduct, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration . . . . http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  8. 1. The Noble Truth of Suffering Dukkha http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  9. 2. The Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering Tanha *Some traditions make (c) a craving for prosperity or for personal happiness. http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  10. 3. The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering Nirvana http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  11. 4. The Noble Truth of the Path that leads to the cessation of suffering Astapada http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  12. Elaboration of the Noble Eightfold Path Wisdom (prajna) • Right views (Samma ditthi) • Right intent (Samma sankappa) • Right speech (Samma vaca) • Right conduct (Samma kammanta) • Right livelihood (Samma ajiva) • Right effort (Samma vayama) • Right mindfulness (Samma sati) • Right concentration (Samma samadhi) Morality (sila) Meditation (samadhi) http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  13. (Eightfold Path, continued) Wisdom 1. Right Views • The Four Noble Truths • The doctrine of no-self (anatta, anatman) • Transitoriness (anicca): impermanence • The Five Components or Aggregates (skandhas) of human personhood • Interdependent Origination • Karma & Samsara (rebirth) • Nirvana (what is it?) http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  14. (No-self, cont’d) The Five Components (skandhas) of personhood Body (rupa) Person Sensation (vedana) Consciousness (vinnana) Perception (sanna) Volition (sankhara) Mind (nama)

  15. (No-self, cont’d) The doctrine ofInterdependent Origination(Paticca Samuppada) The interdependence & relativity of all things No separate beings No distinct individuals No eternal essences No "own-natures" http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  16. Bhava chakra The wheel of becoming

  17. The 12. 1. Aging & Dying Ignorance 2. Wheel of 11. Impulse to Exist Birth Heaven 3. 10. Con- scious- ness Human Realm Demon Realm Becom- ing Greed Delusion Hatred Bhavachakra 4. 9. Hungry Ghost Realm Animal Realm Mind- Body Cling- ing Becoming 8. 5. Six Senses Hell Craving 6. 7. Sensations Contact http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  18. (Eightfold Path, continued) 2. Right Intent(Resolution) Wisdom Right intent or resolution is the intent or resolution to live & act in accordance with right views. http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  19. No lying No slander No harsh or rude talk No profanity No impolite or abusive language No idle or foolish chatter Strive to use language meaningfully & usefully Learn to maintain “noble silence” (Eightfold Path, continued) 3. Right Speech Morality http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  20. No harming & killing No stealing No lying & deceitfulness No sexual immorality No use of intoxicants Eat moderately & not after noon. Stay away from dancing, singing, & dramatic spectacles. Do not use garlands, scents, unguents, or ornaments. Do not use high or broad beds. Do not accept gold or silver (money in general?). (Eightfold Path, continued) 4. Right Conduct Morality The Five Precepts (for everybody) & the Ten Precepts (for monks & nuns) http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  21. (Eightfold Path, continued) Morality 5. Right Livelihood(Vocation) • Choose professions that promote life, peace, & spiritual progress (especially life in the • Specifically prohibited professions: poison peddler, slave trader, prostitute, butcher, manufacturer & trader of liquor & other intoxicants, weapons manufacturer & trader, tax collector, caravan trader. http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  22. (Eightfold Path, continued) 6. Right Effort(purification of the mind) • Preventing evil & unwholesome states of mind from arising • Getting rid of such states of mind that may already exist • Bringing about good & wholesome states of mind • Developing & perfecting good & wholesome states of mind that are already present Meditation http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  23. Meditation 7. Right Mindfulness (Eightfold Path, continued) • Activities of the body (breathing, walking, sitting, eating, heartbeat, etc.) • Feelings (anger, fear, joy, pleasure, pain, etc.) • States of mind (thoughts, ideas, etc.) • Ways of conceptualizing things (the Four Noble Truths, the Wheel of Becoming, etc.) Focusing of attention on: http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  24. The highest level of Meditation One-pointed concentration The four absorptions: Detachment from all sense objects & from negative states of mind; thought processes accompanied by joy Cessation of all mental activities; internal calm, peace of mind, joy to the point of great elation Cessation of all passions & prejudices; continued sense of joy Cessation of joy; total tranquillity & equanimity -- Nirvana (& arhatship) (Eightfold Path, continued) 8. Right Concentration Preliminary concentration on the Four Sublime Moods: love, compassion, cheerfulness, & impartiality http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  25. Four Stages of Advancementalong the Noble Eightfold Path The Ten Fetters 1 Belief in permanent self 2 Doubt 3 Belief in religious rituals 4 Sensual craving 5 Ill will 6 Desire for rebirth in worlds of form 7 Desire for rebirth in formless realms 8 Pride 9 Self-righteousness 10 Ignorance of the true nature of things Stream- Entrant Once- Returner Non- Returner Arhat http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  26. The Historical Evolution of Buddhism

  27. The Major Buddhist Traditions • Theravada(“The Way of the Elders”) - Sri Lanka & Southeast Asia • Mahayana(“The Greater Vehicle”) - China, Korea, & Japan (& Tibet & Mongolia) • Vajrayana(“The Way of the Diamond Thunderbolt”) - Tibet & Mongolia * * Vajrayana is a development within the Mahayana tradition. * http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  28. The Spread of Buddhism Spheres of Influence * Buddhism out of India by 1000 AD * Theravada Mahayana Vajrayana http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/gcronk/Buddhism.ppt

  29. Dharma (Buddha’s Teaching)

  30. Chinese Buddhist celebration

  31. The monks come daily to each home for an offering

  32. Coming of age to be a monk

  33. Monks

  34. Tiger Cave Mountain where they have a foot bone of the Buddha

  35. Atop Tiger Cave Mountain

  36. Atop Tiger Cave Mountain

  37. Revering the foot of Buddha

  38. Why haven’t they responded to the Gospel? • Not sharing the Gospel with Thai Buddhists in an understandable Way • Communication gap between Thai Buddhists and missionaries • To be Thai is to be Buddhist • Lack of contextualization is partly responsible for lack of response among the Thai people

  39. II. General approach to contextualization in Thailand • Right attitude towards Thai culture • All that God created is good • Acknowledging Thai values which are biblical values • Use caution in choosing Thai Buddhist words to explain Christian truth • Using Buddhist words to express Christian concepts • Designing new vocabulary to Christian concepts • Necessity of on-going contact to produce biblical understanding among Thai Buddhists • Sharing the Gospel with Buddhists, not Buddhism • Necessity of loving people as they are

  40. III. Thai concepts that may be adopted to explain the Gospel • The origin of suffering (dukkha) and the attainment of true happiness • Happiness is impossible because life is suffering (dukkha) • True origin of Dukkha is Adam and Eve’s ignorance (avijja) • True happiness is possible when the true source of Dukkha is identified • Dukkha, Anicca, and Anatta may be used to describe God’s relationship with man • Israel is a source of suffering (dukkha) to God • Israel’s devotion to God is impermanent (anicca) • Israel destroys herself by her actions and disobedience to God (anatta)

  41. Sharing the Gospel continued • A probable misunderstanding by Thai Buddhist listeners • Merit transference (pattidana) and the Cross of Christ • Theravada Buddhism denies existence of merit transference • Two examples of merit transference as practiced by Thai Buddhists i. Cloth Offering Ceremony at a Funeral ii. Entering the Buddhist Priesthood • Double transference of merit in Christ Jesus has infinite merit which is transferred to man • Man’s guilt is transferred to Jesus • Discussing merit transference with Thai Buddhists • Merit transference provides an escape from Karma

  42. IV. A Motivation to Avoid Sin: Shame • Shame orientation versus guilt orientation • The nature of shame in Thai Society Motivation to avoid sin because of shame V. Illustrations from Thai history used to illustrate the biblical truth of substitution and sacrifice • The self Sacrifice of Queen Suriyothai. • The Contest for Chiang Mai, determined by who could stay underwater the longest.

  43. These two girls accepted Christ! Teach ESL, Christian songs, and the Bible

  44. Tsunami devastation on Phi Phi Island A horrible tragedy, but an opportunity to help and for evangelism

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