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Describing Motion

Describing Motion. Section 2.1. SC Standards Covered. PS-5.1 Explain the relationship among distance, time, direction, and the velocity of an object PS – 5.2 Use the formula v=d/t to solve problems related to average speed or velocity

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Describing Motion

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  1. Describing Motion Section 2.1

  2. SC Standards Covered • PS-5.1 Explain the relationship among distance, time, direction, and the velocity of an object • PS – 5.2 Use the formula v=d/t to solve problems related to average speed or velocity • PS – 5.6 Represent linear motion of objects on distance – time graphs

  3. Motion • Motion – when an object changes its position • Reference point- an indicator that orients you---the place from which you measure, record, or witness an event • Distance – how far an object has moved -measured in meters (m) • Displacement – distance and direction of an objects change of position from a starting point (see pg. 38-39 in text)

  4. Displacement

  5. Pythagorean Theorem • Displacement: • a2 + b2 = c2 • Example: Joe walks 4m North turns and walks 3m west. What is Joe’s distance and displacement?

  6. Speed • Speed – the distance an object travels per unit time Speed = distance = d time t • Units will always be some distance measurement divided by some time measurement

  7. Types of Speeds • Average speed – total distance traveled divided by total time traveled • Instantaneous speed – speed at a given point in time. • This is what is shown on a speedometer

  8. Calculating Speed Example #1 Suppose you ran 2 km in 10 min. What is your speed? s = d t = 2 km 10 min. = 0.2km/min.

  9. Example #2 Sound travels at 330 m/s. If a lightning bolt strikes the ground 2 km away from you, how long will it take for the sound to reach you? 2km = 2000 m s = d t 330 m/s = 2000m t (330)(t) = 2000 (330)(t) = 2000 330 330 t = 6.06 s

  10. You Try  • A passenger elevator travels from the first floor to the 60th floor, a distance of 210 m, in 35 s. What is the elevator’s speed? • A motorcycle is moving at a constant speed of 40 km/hr. How long does it take the motorcycle to travel a distance of 10 km? • How far does a car travel in 0.75 hr if it is moving at a constant speed of 88 km/hr?

  11. Velocity • Velocity – speed of an object and the direction of its motion • Speed can remain constant but if the direction of the object changes its velocity is changing • Calculated the same as speed

  12. Vector vs. Scalar • Scalar- magnitude only • Example: distance or speed • Vector- magnitude and direction • Example: displacement or velocity

  13. Graphing Motion • Graph distance on the y-axis and time on the x-axis Slope = rise = distance = speed run time

  14. Your turn! Suppose a bus is traveling along a highway. It travels 100 km in the first 2 hrs and 120 km in the second 2 hrs. It stops for one hour, then it finishes the trip by going 100 km in two hours. Draw a distance verses time graph of the bus’s motion.

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