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Hello, Everyone!

Hello, Everyone!. Part I. Review Exercises. Question. What are the four maxims of the CP? Try to give your own examples to show how flouting of these maims gives rise to conversational implicature. Part II. New Content. Chapter 7. Language Change. 7.1 Introduction.

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Hello, Everyone!

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  1. Hello, Everyone!

  2. Part I Review Exercises

  3. Question • What are the four maxims of the CP? Try to give your own examples to show how flouting of these maims gives rise to conversational implicature.

  4. Part II New Content

  5. Chapter 7 Language Change

  6. 7.1 Introduction • It is a fact that all languages change through time, though they do so rather slowly.

  7. Example 1 • 1. ‘What man art thou,’ quoth he, • ‘That lookest as thou wouldst find a hare; • For ever on the ground I see thee stare.’ • (Geoffrey Chaucer wrote of himself)

  8. Example 2 • 帝高阳之苗裔兮， • 朕黄考曰伯庸。 • 摄提贞于孟陬兮， • 惟庚寅吾以降。 • 《楚辞 . 离骚》

  9. 7.2 Sound change • Sound changes tend to be systematic; it is possible to see a regular pattern of pronunciation changes throughout the history of the English language.

  10. 7.3 Morphological and syntactic change • 1. Change in “agreement” rule • 2. Change in negation rule • 3. Process of simplification • 4. Loss of inflection

  11. 7.4 Vocabulary Change

  12. 1. Coinage 2. Clipped words 3. Blending 4. Acronyms 5. Initial letters 6. Back-formation 7. Functional shift 8. Borrowing 9. Derivation 10. Compounding 7.4.1 Addition of new words

  13. 7.4.2 Loss of words • Reason: One of the most common causes for the loss of lexical items is the discontinuation of the object they name. • E.g. soap flakes, wash board, rumble seat

  14. 7.4.3 Changes in the meaning • 1. Widening of meaning • 2. Narrowing of meaning • 3. Meaning shift • a. elevate • b. degrade

  15. 7.5 Some recent trends • 1. Moving towards greater informality • 2. The influence of American English • 3. The influence of science and technology • a. space travel • b. computer and internet language • c. ecology

  16. 7.6 Causes of language change • 1. The rapid development of science and technology • 2. Social and political changes and political needs • 3. The way children acquire the language • 4. Economy of memory • 5. The desire to be intelligible

  17. Homework • 1. Review • 2. Pp. 109 Ex.1-8 • (oral) • 3. Prepare Chapter 8 (1-2)

  18. THANKS 4 UR ATTENTION !

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