AF ISR A Comprehensive Review

1. UNCLASSIIFIED AF ISRA Comprehensive Review Lt Gen Larry James Deputy Chief of Staff, ISR Overall Briefing Classification: UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIIFIED

2. UNCLASSIIFIED Purpose Baseline review the AF ISR Enterprise to include all capabilities that contribute to ISR missions, regardless of the programming portfolio - Information architecture - Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination (PED) - Sensors - Platforms - Personnel Holistic Review from a Capability Perspective UNCLASSIIFIED

3. SECAF Task Direction • Context for Review: absence of objectively determined joint requirements for ISR; unconstrained requests for additional MQ-1/9 CAPs that are unsustainable; and independently sponsored ISR R&D projects driven by JUON and availability of OCO funding • Within this context: AF must balance currently growing capabilities with the reality of significant resource limitations ahead • Demonstrate: • How and where ISR capabilities have grown over time; • Current and programmed level of effort in growing the ISR enterprise, including personnel, training, communications, and infrastructure; • Commitment to sustaining capabilities to meet future needs; • Balance between the MQ-1/9 force and other assets, including more advanced capabilities, in a future security environment that is more non-permissive and resource constrained; • Rationale and recommendations for prioritizing multiple ISR and demo programs now underway

4. A View of the Future: The 2030 AF ISR Enterprise • Seamless, open-architecture, all-domain, sensor-agnostic, “go-to” information source integrated with AF C2 architectures • Able to characterize any target set (Air, space, cyber, or terrestrial) as a “network” to enable effects-based targeting and assessment • Capability to persistently access target sets by necessary means • Ability to collaboratively plan all-domain ISR ops as a single entity • Demands trained/equipped analysts with critical thinking skills • Needs secure, reliable, sufficient information pathways • Fully integrated operations in a networked world • Operators and Intel professionals working as a fused team in all domains • Must improve the way we think, train, and operate Success in war depends on superior information…ISR underpins every mission the DoD executes

5. UNCLASSIIFIED BLUF • AF ISR well-postured to operate in permissive environments • Sufficient airborne ISR capability in the near term • Growing to 65 CAPs on schedule • We will consolidate recent gains and continue to improve • Continuously evaluating airborne fleet (RJ, U-2, Global Hawk, etc.) • Evaluating ability to operate across the spectrum of ops to include A2AD • Need persistent access to characterize areas of interest • Need ability to move information securely and reliably • Must be able to PED the information on required timelines • Must continue to improve analyst tools • Need enhanced open-architecture, machine-to-machine processes • Better integrate non-traditional ISR sources into existing construct • Capability, Planning and Analysis feeds all Core Function Master Plans • Need improved acquisition to field capabilities on required pace UNCLASSIIFIED

6. UNCLASSIIFIED Strategic Guidance UNCLASSIIFIED

7. UNCLASSIIFIED AF Role for the Nation • “The Nation’s principle air and space force…” • “Conduct offensive and defensive ops…to gain and maintain air superiority, air supremacy, as required…to enable conduct of U.S. and allied land, sea, air, space, and special operations” • “Conduct global precision attack, to include strategic attack…prompt global strike…global personnel recovery” • “Provide rapid global mobility…agile combat support…integrated C2” • “Provide timely, global integrated ISR…to support worldwide ops” DODD 5100.01, Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components, SECDEF, Dec 21, 2010 • “The Joint Force will be able to counter highly capable adversaries. The Navy and Air Force will provide the primary level of effort during such a contingency Defense Planning Guidance, 29 Aug 11 UNCLASSIIFIED

8. UNCLASSIIFIED Findings UNCLASSIIFIED

9. UNCLASSIIFIED Findings • AF well postured to conduct permissive environment ISR operations • AF will continuously improve the current ISR capabilities to consolidate gains • Growth to 65 MQ-1/9 CAPs on track • AF ISR expected to operate across the spectrum of ops, humanitarian assistance/disaster relief through major conflict • Robust, reliable, secure information architectures and communications enable all operations • Ability to process, exploit, and disseminate information on ever-shorter timelines requires focused effort • Analyst training and improved tool suites will always be a requirement • Will continue to analyze sensor/platform/PED mix required to balance full-spectrum capabilities, especially all-domain A2AD operations • C2 of ISR must be integrated with other C2 architectures to provide maximum return on investment • Demand for AF ISR is increasing around the world—requires prioritization UNCLASSIIFIED

10. UNCLASSIIFIED Key Insights UNCLASSIIFIED

11. UNCLASSIIFIED Key Insights • Information Architecture • PED • Platforms/sensors mix • C2 UNCLASSIIFIED

12. UNCLASSIIFIED Information Architecture Insights • AF needs to determine sufficiency of current global information architecture • Large data rates, high-definition sensors, increased users and rising expectations are combining to tax information pathways • Future threats may further exacerbate limitations • AF needs to partner with many users to maximize agility and flexibility • Separate domain capabilities need review to understand a way ahead to integrate capabilities UNCLASSIIFIED

13. UNCLASSIIFIED PED Insights • AF is the only service providing “Joint” PED and there is some external expectation that the AF contribution will increase • AF needs to develop future PED capability holistically to account for all-domain requirements and leverage all-domain capabilities • Need to refine global demand from COCOMs • Must recognize and account for space/cyber requirements and contributions • Non-traditional ISR will provide more information than ever but we must improve information transfer mechanisms • Information architectures need to account for and integrate PED requirements UNCLASSIIFIED

14. UNCLASSIIFIED Platform/Sensor Mix Insights • AF needs to characterize the full spectrum of potential targets, in all domains • Air • Mix of manned and unmanned platforms still required • Non-traditional ISR has significant potential • Airborne capability needs to be considered as just one part of “all-domain” solutions • A2AD capability needs to be a key part of AF focus • Space • Space Situational Awareness is more than Missile Warning and object collision avoidance • PED architecture needs to integrate with existing capability • Multi-domain tipping and cueing is a game changer UNCLASSIIFIED

15. UNCLASSIIFIED Platform/Sensor Mix Insights • Cyberspace • Like Space, PED architecture needs to integrate with existing other domain capability • Policy development, with respect to multi-level security to enable coordination and collaboration, needs focus • Cyberspace offers significant opportunity to enable military operations, if considered in context • Persistent ISR is as applicable to cyberspace as it is to other domains UNCLASSIIFIED

16. UNCLASSIIFIED C2 Insights • C2 needs to be developed holistically and should be consistent across domains • C2 must consider an entire capability and not be tied to individual platforms • Improves consistency • Non-traditional ISR needs to be “normalized” • C2 of airborne PED resources needs to be based on information and product development requirements vice tied to platform apportionment • C2 of PED for Space and Cyberspace information needs to be considered as part of the overall “PED solution” UNCLASSIIFIED

17. UNCLASSIIFIED Recommendations UNCLASSIIFIED

18. UNCLASSIIFIED Information Architecture Recommendations • We need to review and understand long-term information requirements • All domains • All operating environments • Invest to improve global operations capability • Need to better understand key information we “must move” from sensors/platforms vice what we “want to move” • On-board processing will expand decision space by providing more options • Must consider integrated, multi-domain solutions, to include ground infrastructure • Need to improve availability, security, capacity UNCLASSIIFIED

19. UNCLASSIIFIED C2 Recommendations • Develop solutions considering all-domain PED requirements • Mandate enforceable standards for information pathways and PED analytic tools during sensor/platform development and acquisition • Improve PED apportionment by designing a model based on consumer information requirements UNCLASSIIFIED

20. UNCLASSIIFIED PED Recommendations • Improve automated tools • Rapid database search, fusion, dissemination • Enable fusion of multi-domain source information • Machine-to-machine interfaces • Improve multi-level security integration • Continue DCGS migration to Service Oriented Architecture (DI2E) • Tie to appropriate C2 nodes and databases • Demonstrate future architectures through QRC’s and spiral upgrades UNCLASSIIFIED

21. UNCLASSIIFIED Platform/Sensor Mix Recommendations • Develop persistent, survivable platforms/sensors for all domains • Ensure integrated and synchronized development of information pathways and PED capability with platform/sensor development • Air • Normalize non-traditional ISR • Consider survivable platforms for A2AD • Develop capability to reliably pass information in high threat environments • Need sensors to characterize, find, fix and track targets in all operating areas then assess effects • Space/Cyber • Recognize space/cyberspace as contested and develop capability to ensure continued operations during crises/conflict • Integrate solutions with air, cyber, and terrestrial architectures UNCLASSIIFIED

22. UNCLASSIIFIED SECAF Directed Tasks UNCLASSIIFIED

23. UNCLASSIIFIED Prioritized Investment • Global Architecture for ISR Operations • Robust, survivable, secure pathways for manned, unmanned, air, space, and cyberspace capabilities • Sufficient to meet global mission demand • Robust tools to improve PED capacity, capability and C2 • Linked across all domains and C2 architectures • Capability to access A2AD environments with persistence • Continue to improve, refine and leverage investment in legacy ISR capabilities, e.g. MQ-1/9 • Improve current sensors for new operating environments UNCLASSIIFIED

24. UNCLASSIIFIED Questions UNCLASSIIFIED

25. UNCLASSIIFIED AF ISRA Comprehensive Review Lt Gen Larry James Deputy Chief of Staff, ISR Overall Briefing Classification: UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIIFIED