Chapter 10 Review

1. Chapter 10 Review Mrs. Chirichella

2. Know the location and function of the following eye structures: sclera This portion of the outer tunic is referred to as the “white of the eye”.

3. This structure is clear, refracts light, and is convex in shape. Lens

4. This area is where the retina and the optic nerve join; contains no rods or cones; “blind spot” Optic disc

5. This area has the highest concentration of cones; the focal point of light needs to converge here for the sharpest vision. Fovea centralis

6. An inner tunic layer; contains rods & cones. Retina

7. This structure regulates the amount of light entering the eye. Iris

8. Transparent, non-vascular structure; most anterior of outer tunic. cornea

9. Floaters cast a shadow on your retina as they pass through this… The vitreous humor

10. Night blindness is most commonly caused by a. damage to the cornea b. damage to the optic nerve c. an improper diet d. a toxic effect of vitamin A Why? Because of a LACK of vitamin A

11. Know the location and function of the following ear structures: Auditory canal/tube Auditory canal This tube connects the middle ear to the throat. Aka-the Eustachian tube.

12. Improperly blowing your nose could pass an infection to which part of your ear? The middle ear

13. Tympanic membrane This structure- begins the middle ear; the malleus is attached to; vibrates from sound waves.

14. Oval window Oval window The stapes vibrates this membrane attached to the cochlea. Causing waves in the perilymph.

15. auricle Auricle The outer fleshy portion of the ear.

16. malleus Auditory ossicle that is attached to the eardrum. Passes the vibration to the incus.

17. Semicircular canals Semicircular canals An infection in this structure could cause dizziness.

18. Put the following in order as light passes through the eye. vitreous humor cornea aqueous humor lens

19. List the parts of the eye that light passes as it enters the eye. 3. lens 1. cornea 2. aqueous humor 4. vitreous humor

20. What is the name of the natural pain suppressor in the body? a. epinephrine b. adrenalin c. endorphin d. encephalin

21. The scala tympani and the scala vestibule are part of the: a. middle ear b. vestibule c. cochlea d. anterior chamber of the eye

22. Cross section through the cochlea

23. When these are distorted (bent) against the tectorial membrane, an action potential is sent to the brain. Hair cells

24. Put the following in order that scents must travel to reach the brain: limbic system olfactory tract cortex of temporal lobe olfactory bulb olfactory bulb- olfactory tract-limbic system-cortex of temporal lobe

25. This gland is responsible for tear production? a. lacrimal b. salivary c. cordoid coat d. ciliary bodies

26. Which part of the brain deciphers taste? a. temporal lobe b. parietal lobe c. frontal lobe d. occipital lobe

27. Put the following events of hearing in order: The malleus moves the incus The tympanic membrane vibrates The stapes pushes the oval window The incus moves the stapes Sound waves are channeled down the ear canal 1. Sound waves are channeled down the ear canal 2. The tympanic membrane vibrates 3. The malleus moves the incus 4. The incus moves the stapes 5. The stapes pushes the oval window

28. Which general category of sensory receptors detects variations in temperature? a. thermoreceptors b. mechanoreceptors c. photoreceptors d. pain receptors

29. The otoliths are located in: a. the middle ear b. the semi-circular canals c. the cochlea d. the saccule in the vestibule

30. The receptors in the utricle and saccule are stimulated when: a. endolymph flows over the spiral organ b. the otoliths bend cilia in response to gravity c. the tympanic membrane vibrates d. perilymph bends hair cells

32. Which of the five senses contains two types of photoreceptors called rods and cones? a. vision b. hearing c. smell d. taste

33. Rods function in a. color vision b. dim light vision c. bright light vision

34. The sets of color receptors/cones within the retina are sensitive to lights that are a. red, green, and blue b. red, blue, and yellow c. green, yellow, and purple d. orange, green, and purple

35. Anosmia is a condition in which there is a loss of a. touch b. smell c. hearing d. vision

36. Which senses use chemoreceptors: • Taste • Touch • Hearing • Equilibrium • Smell &

37. The incorrect interpretation of pain as having come from regions far from the actual site of pain is known as a. visceral pain b. phantom pain c. referred pain d. somatic pain

38. Odors seem to fade away because of… Sensory adaptation

39. Treatment for cataract usually involves removal of the a. cornea b. sclera c. lens d. vitreous humor Cataracts is caused by a clouding of the lens.

40. The disorder called glaucoma is usually caused by a. clouding of the lens b. clouding the lens capsule c. excessive accumulation of vitreous humor d. excessive accumulation of aqueous humor

41. Pain receptors a. are generally stimulated by factors that cause tissue damage b. tend to adapt rapidly c. are among the most specialized of the receptors d. are widely distributed in the nerve tissue of the brain

42. Which of the following would cause a form of conductive deafness? a. torn tympanic membrane b. tumor in the brain c. damage to the auditory tube d. use of antibiotics