GFTA-2

1. GFTA-2 Goldman Fristoe 2 Test of Articulation

2. Originally published in 1969 1972 Updated to include Normative Information for ages 6-16+ 1986 Norms for Preschool children aged 2-5 were included 1986 revision marked the 2nd edition of the GFTA Currently the GFTA 2 tests Clients ages 2-21 History

3. Revised Features of GFTA • Target Words for Questionable Images & Culturally Specific Content were Dropped • New Art Work • Racial & Gender Balanced • Age Range Expanded to Meet Public Law Requirements (94-142, 99-457)

4. GFTA 2 Description • Systematic means of Assessing Articulation of the Consonant Sounds of Standard American English • Samples both Spontaneous and Imitative Sound Production • Divided into 3 Sections • Sounds-in-Words • Sounds-in-Sentences • Stimulability

5. Sounds-in-Words • 34 Plates • 53 Target Words • 61 Articulation Sounds • 16 Consonant Clusters • Initial, Medial, and/or Final Position

6. Sounds-in-Sentences • Observes Spontaneous Sound Production • Based on Connected Speech • Retell 1 or 2 Simple Picture Based Stories

7. Stimulability • Sounds from Previous Sections are Rehearsed only if Misarticulated • Examiner Models Sound and Examinee Imitates • If Done Correctly the Sound is Modeled in a Word in the Trouble Position • If Done Correctly Again the Sound is Placed in a Sentence to be Imitated

8. Test Materials • Each GFTA 2 Kit includes: • Easel • Manual • 25 Response Forms • All Contained in a Stylish Canvas Bag

9. Easel • 43 Picture Plates • Tabs for Quick Reference • Abbreviated Directions for Each Section • Folds into a Self-Standing Format for Presentation

10. Manual • Administration • Recording of Responses • Information on Rationale & Development of the Test • Nation Wide Sample of 2,350 Examinees • Stratified to Match Gender & Race

11. Response Form • 3 Grids, 1 For Each Section • Allows Side-by-Side Comparison of Responses

12. Administration • Testing Environment • Un-timed Assessment • Examiner May Use All 3 Sections or do Any Combination of Each • Each Section Takes 5-15 minutes Depending on the Age of Examinee

13. Recording • Level 1 Testing • If Target Sound is Produced Correctly Leave the Space Blank or Put a Check Mark • If Target Sound is Incorrect Mark with “X” • If Target Sound is NOT Elicited Mark With a Slash

14. Recording • Level 2 Testing • Examiner Must Note the Misarticulation • Omission Use a Null Sign • Distortion Write 2 For a Mild Distortion, 3 for Severe • Addition Write the Additional Sound plus the Correct Sound • Examiner Can Record Errors by IPA Transcription or by Generic Notation

15. Determining Raw Score • Make Sure All Errors Are Noted in the Appropriate Cells • Count Total Number of Errors • Record the Raw Score (0-77) on the Right Cover of the Response Form

16. Scoring • Find Age in The Appendix in Manual • Locate Raw Score • Read Across to Determine Standard Score, Confidence Interval, & Percentile • Be Sure Your Scores are Gender Appropriate! • For Age Equivalence Locate Raw Score then Read Across to Determine

17. Pros & Cons Pros: • Nice Pictures • User Friendly • Covers All Sounds in A Concise Manner • Scoring Charts Are Easy to Read Cons: • Pictures May be Difficult for Young Children to Name • For examiner it May Be Difficult to Record Answers While Giving Test • For the Young Examinee the Sounds-in-Sentences Test May be Troublesome

18. Thank You For Your Time and Attention! Dr. Frank Kersting Western Kentucky University