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Windows Security and Rootkits

Windows Security and Rootkits. Mike Willard Mike.willard@colostate.edu January 2007. Introduction. Presentation Content Root kit technologies overview Demonstrations – HackerDefender, Pwdump, Password hash cracking. CSU Windows Network Security Recommendations overview. Rootkits.

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Windows Security and Rootkits

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  1. Windows Security and Rootkits Mike Willard Mike.willard@colostate.edu January 2007

  2. Introduction • Presentation Content • Root kit technologies overview • Demonstrations – HackerDefender, Pwdump, Password hash cracking. • CSU Windows Network Security Recommendations overview.

  3. Rootkits

  4. Rootkits • What is a rootkit? • Wikipedia.org - “A rootkit is a set of software tools intended to conceal running processes, files or system data from the operating system” • Term originally from UNIX hackers. Compiled modified versions of common system utilities. (ps, ls, etc.) • Refers to a technology rather than specific program.

  5. How do Rootkits work? • Hardware is the lowest level and controls all access to physical resources. • Intel/x86 architecture implements security rings concept. Four rings (0-3). The lowest number is the “innermost ring” and has the greatest control. • Windows uses only ring 0 (kernel) and ring 3 (“Userland”).

  6. How do Rootkits work? • Running code in ring 0 • Patch/replace the kernel on disk. • Modify the kernel in memory - kernel loadable modules (device drivers, etc). • Virtual Machine Based Rootkits (VMBR)

  7. How do Rootkits work? • Manipulating the kernel • Can hide processes, files, network activity, etc. Intercept keystrokes. Access data. • Once hidden, can intercept keystrokes, etc. • Do this by manipulating tables in protected memory space. (Interrupt Descriptor Table, Import Address Table)

  8. How do Rootkits work? • Surviving Reboot • Run key in registry. • Some .INI files (win.ini) • Replace or infect an existing EXE or DLL file. • Register as a driver. • Register as an add-on to an existing application (internet browser search bar). • Modify the boot loader (modify kernel before booting)

  9. Detecting Rootkits • Watch for inconsistencies. • Remote file scan. • RootkitRevealer (Sysinternals) • Integrity Checkers (e.g. Tripwire)

  10. Future of Rootkits/Hacking • Operating systems becoming more and more hardened • Embedded Systems. • Application Exploits. • Hardware Bios and Memory (e.g. Video Cards)

  11. Demonstrations

  12. CSU Windows Security Recommendations

  13. Windows Security Tasks • Auditing • Physical Security • Setup and Patching • Account Management • Restrict Anonymous Access and NTLM Authentication

  14. Resources • “Rootkits” by Greg Hoglund and James Butler • Rootkit web site http://www.rootkit.com • Top Security Tools Compilation http://sectools.org • Sysinternals (now part of Microsoft) Utilities http://www.sysinternals.com • CSU Windows Security Guidelines (requires eID) http://windows.colostate.edu/index.aspx?page=for_it_admins • Windows Server 2003 Security Guide http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=8a2643c1-0685-4d89-b655-521ea6c7b4db&displaylang=en

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