Paleolithic Age & Neolithic Revolution

1. Paleolithic Age & Neolithic Revolution Mrs. Walters 6th Grade Social Studies

2. Objective • Describe how archaeological research adds to our understanding of the past. (s1c1po8) • Analyze a timeline of major hominid groups from Africa. (s1c1po3)

3. Key Hominid Finds • prehistory • Hominids (Key Finds) • The time before writing. Historians rely on the work of archaeologist and anthropologist to discover the past. • Early human ancestors • 1. Mary and Louis Leaky • Found bones of hominids in East Africa in 1960 • 2. Donald Johansen • Found “Lucy”. Test showed she lived more than 3 million years ago and walked of two legs. • 3. Tim White • Found even older remains from as long as 4.4 million years ago.

5. Early Humans • First Appearance • Groups of hominids appeared about 3 million years ago. (Johansen) • A group of hominids called Homo erectus, or upright man, appeared in Africa about 1.5 million years ago. • Many scientists think that modern humans appeared about 200,000 years ago in Africa.

6. The way humans change their environment • Example: • Before – natural desert landscape with pockets of farming. • After – roads, houses, and retail stores are built.

7. Objective • Understand the difference between a primary source and a secondary source. • Name examples of primary and secondary sources.

8. Primary & Secondary Sources • Primary Source • A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study or by a person that directly experienced the event. • Types of primary sources: • ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records…  • CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art  • RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings

9. Primary & Secondary Sources • Secondary Source • A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes, or graphics or primary sources in them. • Types of secondary sources: • PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias.   • CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art that is a depiction/recreation of the event and NOT created during the event or from a person not directly related to the event or time period.

10. Primary or Secondary?

11. Primary or Secondary?

12. Primary or Secondary?

13. Primary or Secondary?

14. Primary or Secondary? Sources for your next story: • Information from story on the radio • Notes from interview with the senator • Newspaper article • Documents from government report • Opinion from sister

15. Paleolithic Age

16. Objective • Understand the lifestyles of early humans in the Paleolithic Era.

17. Paleolithic Age • Paleolithic • Stone Age • 3 Phases • Greek for “Old Stone” (paleo = Old & lithic = stone) • Paleolithic Era is known as the “Old Stone Age” • Began 2.5 million years ago, and continued until about 20,000 years ago. • A period of time during which early humans made tools and weapons mainly from STONE; the earliest known period of human culture. • Old Stone Age – Hunter/gathers, nomads, biggest part of prehistory • Middle Stone Age – Made better tools/fire • New Stone Age – Farming, started in SW Asia

18. Paleolithic Age • Stone Tools • One of the most important advancements in human history. • Tools allowed early humans to become masters of their environment. • How could tools help early humans? • What tools today could you not live without? • Stone tools, such as the ones you see, reveal edges that were pounded to create knife-like sharpness.

19. Stone Tools

20. Paleolithic Age • Nomads • Societies • Hunter-Gatherers • Discovery of Fire • A person who has no settled home (dwelling). • Traveled in groups of 20-30. • Keep moving to new places to find food. • A community of people who share a common culture • Nomads hunted and gathered food for the group. • Men = hunters & Women = gatherers • Hunted animals & gathered wild plants • Discovered during the Old Stone Age. • How could this new technology changed the lives of nomads during the Paleolithic Era? • Allowed food to be cooked for the 1st time. • Nomads could move to colder climates. Effects of the Discovery of Fire

21. Paleolithic Age • Nomad Migration • Migrated from Africa approx. 1 million years ago. • Built temporary dwellings of branches and animals skins. • Built near a water source. • Why? • Once the nomadic group gathered all the food in the area they moved on…

22. Hunters & Gatherers

23. Paleolithic Era • Summary: Summarize how early humans lived during the Paleolithic Era.

24. Activity • Create a Thinking Map that illustrates elements of the Paleolithic Era. • What style of Thinking Map will you create?

25. Thinking Map – Circle Map Paleolithic Era

26. Thinking Map – Bubble Map Paleolithic Era No settled home Nomad 20-30

27. Objective • Understand the lifestyles of early humans in the Neolithic Revolution.

28. Neolithic Revolution • Neolithic • Development of Farming • BrainPOP • Greek for “new stone” (neo = new & lithic = stone) • Known as the “New Stone Age” • About 11,000 years ago FARMING was discovered. • Discovered in Asia • Fertile Crescent (modern day Middle East) • Started the Neolithic Revolution. • EFFECT = early humans no longer had to be nomads. They could now settle in one place. • Still depended on STONE TOOLS. • Used the seeds from BIGGEST and best tasting plants to plant crops, which led to…

29. Neolithic Revolution • Domestication • To adapt wild plants for human use; to tame wild animals for human use. • Over time, this careful selection of seeds and roots from each crop led to the kinds of food we eat today.

30. Neolithic Revolution • Domestication • Surplus • During the New Stone Age / Neolithic Revolution, early humans learned to tame wild animals and breed them for human use. • 1st domesticated animal = dog • Valuable in hunting • Sheep, goats, & pigs. • Meat, milk, & wool • Over time, herders developed animals that were gentler than their wild ancestors and provided more resources. • Having more than enough

31. Plant Domestication

32. Neolithic Revolution • Cave Paintings • Hand painted/drawn images inside caves on cave walls. • Images were added over & over to the cave walls. • Over time, a cave could accumulate hundreds of cave drawings/paintings. • Colors used: • Brown • Yellow • Tan • Dark Red • Coal Black • What resources do you think Were used to create paint?

34. Neolithic Revolution Ice Age About 1.6 million years ago, many places around the world began to experience long periods of freezing weather, called the ice ages The ice ages ended about 10,000 years ago. Huge sheets of ice covered much of the earth’s land. Many areas that are now underwater were then dry land. A land bridge,or strip of land connecting two continents, probably connected Asia and North America.

35. Neolithic Revolution Ice Age Ice ages caused people to migrate, or move, to new places. Early people migrated around the world. Complete global migration took hundreds of thousands of years.

37. Neolithic Revolution • New Stone Age • Early humans learned how to cure and store food for the long winter. • Used hand-made traps to catch animals (food). • Development of primitive types of boats. • EFFECT = catch bigger fish in deeper water. • Made clothing & jewelry. • They found new shelters, such as pit houses and caves. Then, created structures made out of animal skins, wood, stone, and bones. • Invention of the 1st primitive bow & arrow. • By 3,500 B.C. small farming communities in the Middle East were developing into the world’s 1st cities, marking the rise of CIVILIZATION.

38. Neolithic Revolution New Stone Age • Early humans learned how to cure and store food for the long winter. • Used hand-made traps to catch animals (food). • Development of primitive types of boats. • EFFECT = catch bigger fish in deeper water. • Made clothing & jewelry. • Invention of the 1st primitive bow & arrow. • By 3,500 B.C. small farming communities in the Middle East were developing into the world’s 1st cities, marking the rise of CIVILIZATION.

40. Neolithic Revolution • Summary: Describe how early humans lived during the Neolithic Revolution.

41. Activity • Create a Thinking Map that illustrates elements of the Neolithic Revolution. • What style of Thinking Map will you create?