Articles vs. Books

1. Conventions on DocumentationDecoding information (MLA)http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ • Achebe, Chinua. “An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.” Heart of Darkness. Ed. Robert Kimbrough. New York: Norton, 1988. 251-62. Print. • Author/title/translator/title of the anthology/Ed./Place of publication: publisher/year of publication. Page numbers/medium (print/web) • Consult a sample paper@ • http://uwch-4.humanities.washington.edu/~WG/~188/MLA%20Matters/

2. Articles vs. Books • Use quotation marks for the title of an article: “The Canon of Yao” • Italicize the title of a book: Sources of Chinese Tradition Vol 1

3. Book Description (Amazon)Sources of Chinese Tradition • A collection of seminal primary readings on the social, intellectual, and religious traditions of China, Sources of Chinese Tradition, Volume 1 has been widely used and praised for almost forty years as an authoritative resource for scholars and students and as a thorough and engaging introduction for general readers. Here at last is a completely revised and expanded edition of this classic sourcebook, compiled by noted China scholars Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom. Updated to reflect recent scholarly developments, with extensive material on popular thought and religion, social roles, and women's education, this edition features new translations of more than half the works from the first edition, as well as many new selections. • Arranged chronologically, this anthology is divided into four parts, beginning at the dawn of literate Chinese civilization with the Oracle-Bone inscriptions of the late Shang dynasty (1571--1045 B.C.E.) and continuing through the end of the Ming dynasty (C.E. 1644). Each chapter has an introduction that provides useful historical context and offers interpretive strategies for understanding the readings.

4. Author/Translator/Editor • Bloom, Irene and Bary, Theodore. “Sources of Chinese Tradition.” Canon of Yao. Columbia New York: Chichester, 1893. 29-31. Print. (a student’s listing) Is it right? • Achebe, Chinua. “An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.” Heart of Darkness. Ed. Robert Kimbrough. New York: Norton, 1988. 251-62. Print. (sample listing)

5. Authorship of “The Canon of Yao” • Later tradition has ascribed the compilation of the Classic of History to Confucius (551–479 BC), but its early history is obscure. Beginning with Confucius, writers increasingly drew on the work to illustrate general principles, though it seems that several different versions were in use. • Books hidden in the Wall (in Confucius’ residence)

6. Sample Listing • “The Canon of Yao.” Trans. Burton Watson. Sources of Chinese Tradition Vol 1. Ed. William Theodore De Bary & Irene Bloom. New York: Colombia University Press, 1999. 29-30. Print. • Test it by using the UW library (Activate the Remote Access) • Search by author: • De bary, William Theodore • Use Ctrl F for quick access: Sources of Chinese Tradition

7. Translator (WB 30)“Yaodian” “Shundian” Shujing“Canon of Yao” “Canon of Shun”Classic of History or Classic of Documents • Burton Watson (born 1925) is an accomplished translator of Chinese and Japanese literature and poetry. He has received awards including the Gold Medal Award of the Translation Center at Columbia University in 1979, the PEN Translation Prize in 1981[2] for his translation with Hiroaki Sato of From the Country of Eight Islands: An Anthology of Japanese Poetry, and again in 1995 for Selected Poems of Su Tung-p'o.

8. William Theodore de Bary (born 1919)http://www.wikicu.com/William_Theodore_de_Bary • de Bary is an East Asian studies expert at Columbia University, with the title John Mitchell Mason Professor of the University and Provost Emeritus. • de Bary graduated from Columbia College of Columbia University in 1941, where he was a student in the first iteration of Columbia's famed Literature Humanities course. He then briefly took up graduate studies at Harvard before the US entered the Second World War. de Bary left the academy to serve in American military intelligence in the Pacific Theatre. Upon his return, he resumed his studies at Columbia, where he earned his PhD.

9. Editor’s Headnote (29) (书的)眉批，顶注；批注 • noun • a brief summary, comment, or explanation that precedes a chapter, report, etc. • Footnotes (Reference) • Endnotes (Reference) • Consult the sample annotation by Professor David R. Knechtges • http://uwch-4.humanities.washington.edu/~WG/~188/MLA%20Matters/

10. “The Canon of Yao”尧典 【Yáodiǎn】http://ctext.org/shang-shu/canon-of-yao • The Classic of Documents • Or The Book of History • 尚书【shàngshū】 • Click on the link above to access the full text. • Yao is a legendary monarch in ancient China.

11. Confucian五经【wǔjīng】 the Five Classics • Classic of Poetry • Classic of History • Classic of Rites • (Classic of Music) • Classic of Changes • Spring and Autumn Annals • 诗经【shījīng】 • 书经【Shūjīng】 • 礼经【lǐjīng】 • (乐经【yuèjīng】) • 易经【yìjīng】 • 春秋【chūnqiū】

12. The Layout of the book (The Classic of Documents)& its controversy • The 58 chapters of the received text are divided into New Text and Old Text chapters based on their history. The entire work was accepted by most scholars until the 17th century, when Yan Ruoju showed that the Old Text chapters had been forged in the 3rd or 4th centuries AD. In contrast, some of the New Text chapters are among the earliest examples of Chinese prose, recording speeches from the early years of the Zhou dynasty in the 11th century BC. Other chapters are of later composition, with those relating to the earliest periods being as recent as the 4th century BC.

13. “The heaven above and the earth below” (29) • 对偶【duìǒu】 <gram.> antithesis; <math.> dual. • 对仗【duìzhàng】 (in poetry, etc) a matching of both sound and sense in two lines, sentences, etc. usu. with the matching words in the same part of speech; antithesis. • Couplet: a pair of successive lines of verse, especially a pair that rhyme and are of the same length. 对联【duìlián】 antithetical couplet (written on scrolls, etc.).

14. Anadiplosis (29)for smooth transtion • noun • Rhetoric . repetition in the first part of a clause or sentence of a prominent word from the latter part of the preceding clause or sentence, usually with a change or extension of meaning. • The nine branches of the family • The hundred clans

15. ThemesVirtue/Merit ForegroundedModel: Rule by Virtue • Review the headnote and the text • What is so significant is Emperor Yao’s passing over his son to find a successor in Shun, an outsider of his family and of his clan. • Parallel: The response of the Chief of the Four Mountains echoes what Emperor has done: passing over himself to recommend someone who is more virtuous;

16. Drama • Emperor Yao wived Shun with his two daughters, E Huang 娥皇 & Nǚ Ying 女英; moreover, he put Shun under a three-year probation 考验(期)，见习(期)；试用(期)；预备期; • Legend: During his inspection of the south, Shun died in Hunan. Shun’s two wives followed him to the River Xiang where their tears gave birth to 斑竹 【bānzhú】 mottled bamboo. • Later, Qu Yuan (339 BCE – 278 BCE), the first Chinese (patriotic) poet composed a long poem based on this legend.

17. The Songs of the South • The Chu Ci楚辞 anthology (also familiarly known, in English, as the Songs of Chu or the Songs of the South or transliterated as the Ch' Tz'u) consists of verses more emphasizing lyric and romantic features, as well as irregular line-lengths and other influences from the poetry typical of the state of Chu. The Chuci collection consists primarily of poems ascribed to Qu Yuan (329-299 BCE) and his follower Song Yu, although in its present form the anthology dates to Wang I's 158 CE compilation and notes, which are the only historically reliable source of both the text and information regarding its composition.

18. Translator: David Hawkes • David Hawkes (Chinese: 霍克思; pinyin: Huò kè sī, 6 July 1923 – 31 July 2009) was a BritishSinologist. He studied Mandarin Chinese and Japanese at Oxford University between 1945 and 1947 and was a research student at the National Peking University from 1948 to 1951. During the later years of World War II he taught Japanese to military cryptologists 密码学家 . He was Professor of Chinese at Oxford from 1959 until 1971. From 1973 to 1983, he was a Research Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, and subsequently became an Emeritus Fellow. He died in Oxford on Friday 31 July 2009. • David Hawkes is most well regarded for his literary translations of Chinese, having translated the poetry anthology The Songs of the South in 1959. His A Little Primer of Tu Fu is an authoritative study and translation of the Tang poet Du Fu.

19. The Dragon Boat FestivalMay 5th, Lunar Month • Duanwu Festival, also known as Dragon Boat Festival and the Double Fifth, is a traditional and statutory holiday originating in China. • In memory of Qu Yuan, who drowned himself in River Miluo, people made Zongzi, made of 糯米【nuòmǐ】 polished glutinous rice or sweet rice to feed fish so that they won’t eat his body.

20. Zongzi • 粽子【zòngzi】 a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves (eaten during the Dragon Boat Festival).

21. Two Models • Shun could live with his dysfunctional family in harmony • Qu Yuan chose not to be mixed with those who were…