Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

1. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Chapter 2 part # 2 Hardware and Software

2. Overview of Software • Computer programs: • Sequences of instructions for the computer • Documentation: • Describes program functions to help the user operate the computer system • Types of software: • - Systems software : • is the set of programs designed to coordinate the activities and functions of the hardware and various programs throughout the computer system. • - Application software: consists of programs that help users solve particular computing problems. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

3. Systems Software • Includes: • Operating systems • Utility programs Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

4. Operating Systems • Set of programs that controls computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs. • Can control one computer or multiple computers, or • Can allow multiple users to interact with one computer • Combinations of OSs, computers, and users: • Single computer with a single user • Single computer with multiple users • Multiple computers with multiple users • Special-purpose computers Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

5. Operating Systems (continued) Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

6. Operating Systems (continued) • Activities performed by the operating system: • Perform common computer hardware functions • Provide a user interface and input/output management • Provide a degree of hardware independence • Manage system memory • Manage processing tasks • Provide networking capability • Control access to system resources • Manage files Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

7. Operating Systems (continued) • Common hardware functions: • Get input from keyboard or another input device • Retrieve data from disks • Store data on disks • Display information on a monitor or printer • - OS acts as an intermediary between the application and the hardware. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

8. Operating Systems (continued) • User interface and input/output management: • User interface: • Allows individuals to access and command the computer system • Command-based user interface: • Requires that text commands be given to the computer to perform basic activities • Graphical user interface (GUI): • Uses icons and menus displayed on screen to send commands to the computer system Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

9. Operating Systems (continued) • Hardware independence: • Application program interface (API): • Allows applications to make use of the operating system • - Programmers can use APIs to create application software without understanding the inner workings of the operating system.(figure 2.10) • Memory management: • Allows computer to execute program instructions effectively and to speed processing. • virtual memory: allocates space on the hard disk to supplement the immediate, functional memory capacity of RAM. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

10. Operating Systems (continued) Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

11. Operating Systems (continued) • Processing tasks: • Multitasking: • More than one program can run at the same time • Time-sharing: • Allows more than one person to use a computer system at the same time • Scalability: • Ability of the computer to handle an increasing number of concurrent users smoothly Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

12. Operating Systems (continued) • Networking capability: • Allows computers in a network to send and receive data and share computing resources • Access to system resources and security: • Protection against unauthorized access • OS establishes a logon procedure • File management: • Ensures that files in secondary storage are available when needed and that they are protected from access by unauthorized users Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

13. Current Operating Systems Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

14. Utility Programs • Help to perform maintenance or correct problems with a computer system • Some can help computer systems run better and longer without problems • Can help to secure and safeguard data Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

15. Utility Programs (continued) Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

16. Application Software • Application programs: • Interact with systems software • Help you perform common tasks, such as: • Creating and formatting text documents • Performing calculations • Managing information Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

17. Types and Functions of Application Software • Proprietary software: • One-of-a-kind program for a specific application, usually developed and owned by a single company • Off-the-shelf software: • Software mass-produced by software vendors to address needs that are common across businesses, organizations, or individuals. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

18. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

19. Types and Functions of Application Software • Application service provider (ASP): • Company that can provide software, support, and computer hardware on which to run the software from the user’s facilities over a network • - advantages : • contract customization of off-the-shelf software. • speed deployment of new applications while helping IS managers avoid implementation headaches . • reducing the need for many skilled IS staff members. • decreasing project start-up expenses. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

20. Types and Functions of Application Software • - disadvantages : • sensitive information could be compromised in a number of ways, including unauthorized access by employees or computer hackers. • the ASP might not be able to keep its computers and network up and running as consistently as necessary. • a disaster could disable the ASP’s data center, temporarily putting an organization out of business. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

21. Overview of Application Software (continued) • Software as a service (SaaS): • Allows businesses to subscribe to Web-delivered business application software by paying a monthly service charge or a per-use fee • Can reduce expenses by sharing its running applications among many businesses • Cloud computing: • Use of computing resources on the Internet (the cloud) rather than on local computers Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

22. Personal Application Software • Word processing • Spreadsheet analysis • Database applications • Graphics program • Personal information managers • Software suites and integrated software packages Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

23. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

24. Personal Application Software • -word processing : • If you write reports, letters, or term papers, word-processing applications can be indispensable. • checking spelling, creating tables, inserting formulas, creating graphics, and much more. • Spreadsheet Analysis: • Used to prepare budgets, forecast profits, analyze insurance programs, summarize income tax data, and analyze investments. • Has Features include graphics, limited database capabilities, statistical analysis, built-in business functions. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

25. Personal Application Software • -Database Applications: • are ideal for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data. These applications are particularly useful when you need to manipulate a large amount of data and produce reports and documents. • -Graphic Programs : • can be used to develop advertising brochures, announcements, and full-color presentations. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

26. Personal Application Software • -Personal Information Managers (PIMs) : • help individuals, groups, and organizations store useful information, such as a list of tasks to complete or a list of names and addresses. • - Software Suites and Integrated Software Packages: • A software suite is a collection of single programs packaged together in a bundle. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

27. Mobile Application Software • Operating systems designed for smartphones include: • OS X iPhone, Android, and WebOS • Tens of thousands of applications have been: • Developed by third parties for the iPhone • Palm WebOS: • Has only recently released its software development kit Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

28. Mobile Application Software Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

29. Workgroup Application Software • Support teamwork, whether people are in the same location or dispersed around the world • Groupware: • Software that helps groups of people work together more effectively Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

30. Enterprise Application Software • Software that benefits an entire organization • Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software: • Set of integrated programs that manage a company’s vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

31. Programming Languages • Sets of keywords, symbols, and a system of rules for constructing statements: • By which humans can communicate instructions to be executed by a computer • Programming: • Involves translating what a user wants to accomplish into instructions that the computer can understand and execute Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

32. Summary • Hardware: • The physical components of a computer that perform the input, processing, storage, and output activities of the computer • Software: • Consists of programs that control the workings of the computer hardware Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

33. Summary (continued) • Operating system (OS): • Set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware to support users’ computing needs • Manages tasks to allocate computer resources through multitasking and time-sharing • Application software: • Applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition