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P HI T S

P HI T S. Multi-Purpose P article and H eavy I on T ransport code S ystem. Basic Lecture III: Parameter Setting. June. 2013 revised. title. 1. Purpose of This Lecture. PHITS simulation is controlled by various parameters defined in [Parameters] section

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P HI T S

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  1. PHITS Multi-Purpose Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System Basic Lecture III: Parameter Setting June. 2013 revised title 1

  2. Purpose of This Lecture • PHITS simulation is controlled by various parameters defined in [Parameters] section • Every parameter has its default value, and you do not have to change most of them • But you have to change some parameters to obtain appropriate results You will learn how to setup those parameters in this lecture! Introduction 2

  3. Goal of This Lecture Proton (up) and neutron (down) fluences calculated by default settings for homework study Proton (up) and neutron (down) fluences calculated by appropriate settings for homework study You can obtain this kind of results at the end of this lecture Purpose 3

  4. Contents of Lecture III • Selection of Calculation Mode • Geometry Visualization Mode • Source Check Mode • No Reaction, No Ionization Mode • Control of Particle Transport Simulation • History Number • Cut-off Energy • Selection of Physical Models • Nuclear Reaction Model • Nuclear Data Library • Other Physical Models • Summary Contents 4

  5. Selection of Calculation Mode Particle Transport Simulation Checking purpose Geometry Visualization Selection of Calculation Mode 5

  6. Contents of Lecture III • Selection of Calculation Mode • Geometry Visualization Mode • Source Check Mode • No Reaction, No Ionization Mode • Control of Particle Transport Simulation • History Number • Cut-off Energy • Selection of Physical Models • Nuclear Reaction Model • Nuclear Data Library • Other Physical Models • Summary Contents 6

  7. Geometry Visualization Let’s check the geometry using icntl=11 [3D-show] and icntl=7 [t-gshow] Geometry Visualization Geometry Visualization Mode 7

  8. [3D-Show] (icntl=11) [ T - 3 D s h o w ] output = 3 material = -1 6 x0 = 0 y0 = 0 z0 = 0 e-the = 70 $ eye e-phi = 20 e-dst = 80 l-the = 20 $ light l-phi = 0 l-dst = 100 w-wdt = 50 $ window w-hgt = 50 w-dst = 25 heaven = z line = 1 shadow = 2 file = 3dshow.out title = Check onion structure using [T-3dshow] tally epsout = 1 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ lec03.inp file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 11 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ infl: {onion.inp}[1-33] Activate [t-3dshow] Onion structure 3dshow.eps Geometry Visualization Mode 8

  9. [T-gshow] (icntl=7) lec03.inp file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 7 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ infl: {onion.inp}[1-33] [ T - G s h o w ] mesh = xyz x-type = 2 nx = 100 xmin = -50. xmax = 50. y-type = 1 ny = 10 -25. -20. -15. -10. -5. 0. 5. 10. 15. 20. 25. z-type = 2 nz = 100 zmin = -50. zmax = 50. axis = xz output = 6 file = gshow.out title = Check onion structure using [T-gshow] tally epsout = 1 file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 11 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ infl: {onion.inp}[1-33] Check cell ID and filled materials Activate [t-gshow] gshow.eps Geometry Visualization Mode 9

  10. Include File You can include other files into PHITS input file using “infl” command lec03.inp onion.inp file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 7 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ infl: {onion.inp}[1-33] You have to write “file = input file name” at the 1st line when you use “infl” command file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 7 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ infl: {onion.inp}[1-33] [ M a t e r i a l ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ M a t N a m e C o l o r ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ S u r f a c e ] 10 so 500. 11 so 5. 12 so 10. 13 so 15. 14 so 20. 15 so 25. [ C e l l ] 100 -1 10 101 1 -19.32 -11 102 2 -1. 11 -12 103 3 -8.93 12 -13 104 4 -1. 13 -14 105 5 -0.9 14 -15 106 6 -1.20e-3 15 -10 Replace this line by lines 1 to 33 in “onion.inp” Geometry Visualization Mode 10

  11. Contents of Lecture III • Selection of Calculation Mode • Geometry Visualization Mode • Source Check Mode • No Reaction, No Ionization Mode • Control of Particle Transport Simulation • History Number • Cut-off Energy • Selection of Physical Models • Nuclear Reaction Model • Nuclear Data Library • Other Physical Models • Summary Contents 11

  12. Source Check Mode Source-check option (icntl = 6) Source Check Mode 12

  13. How to Use Variables lec03.inp file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 7 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = 1.0 e0 = 150 s-type=9, 10:sphere or spherical shell source （x0, y0, z0）: center of the sphere r1: inner radius r2: outer radius Z You can use variables in PHITS input file. Format: set: ci[x] i: integer (1~99) x: variable It is effective below the “set” command r1 Y r2 （x0, y0, z0) X Source Check Mode 13

  14. How to Check Source lec03.inp change and execute file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 7 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = 1.0 e0 = 150 file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 6 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = 1.0 e0 = 150 [ T - P r o d u c t ] off mesh = reg reg = 101 102 103 104 105 106 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ file = source-energy.out title = Check source energy using [T-product] tally epsout = 1 [ T - P r o d u c t ] off mesh = xyz x-type = 2 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ file = source-geometry.out title = Check source geometry using [T-product] tally epsout = 1 [ T - P r o d u c t ] mesh = reg reg = 101 102 103 104 105 106 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ file = source-energy.out title = Check source energy using [T-product] tally epsout = 1 [ T - P r o d u c t ] mesh = xyz x-type = 2 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ file = source-geometry.out title = Check source geometry using [T-product] tally epsout = 1 Source Check Mode 14

  15. Results of Source Check lec03.inp Source particles are generated only in the region 105 & 106 i.e. spherical shell with radius between 20 and 30 cm file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 6 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = 1.0 e0 = 150 source-geometry.eps source-energy.eps Source Check Mode 15

  16. Contents of Lecture III • Selection of Calculation Mode • Geometry Visualization Mode • Source Check Mode • No Reaction, No Ionization Mode • Control of Particle Transport Simulation • History Number • Cut-off Energy • Selection of Physical Models • Nuclear Reaction Model • Nuclear Data Library • Other Physical Models • Summary Contents 16

  17. No reaction, No ionization Mode No reaction, no ionization option (icntl = 5) No Reaction, No Ionization Mode 17

  18. Check Trajectory of Sources lec03.inp Change and Execute [ T - T r a c k ] off mesh = xyz x-type = 2 nx = 100 xmin = -50. xmax = 50. y-type = 1 ny = 1 -5.0 5.0 z-type = 2 nz = 100 zmin = -50. zmax = 50. e-type = 1 ne = 1 0. 200. unit = 1 axis = xz file = source-direction.out title = Check source direction using [T-track] tally epsout = 1 angel = cmin[2.E-06] cmax[2.E-04] [ T - T r a c k ] mesh = xyz x-type = 2 nx = 100 xmin = -50. xmax = 50. y-type = 1 ny = 1 -5.0 5.0 z-type = 2 nz = 100 zmin = -50. zmax = 50. e-type = 1 ne = 1 0. 200. unit = 1 axis = xz file = source-direction.out title = Check source direction using [T-track] tally epsout = 1 angel = cmin[2.E-06] cmax[2.E-04] file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 6 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = 1.0 e0 = 150 file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 5 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = 1.0 e0 = 150 No Reaction, No Ionization Mode 18

  19. Check Trajectory of Sources lec03.inp file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 5 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = 1.0 e0 = 150 source-direction.eps dir = 1.0: Outgoing direction along with the normal line of sphere dir = -1.0: Inverse direction with dir = 1.0 dir = all: Isotropic source dir = -all: Isotropic irradiation (average flux inside sphere = 1/πr2) No Reaction, No Ionization Mode 19

  20. Volume and Area Calculation Monte Carlo Integration is numerical integration using random number. Using this concept, the volume of each cell can be calculated from the average track length divided by the average flux inside the cell, by setting icntl = 5. = Total track lengthin a cell [cm] =average track length [cm/source] x #Line [source] Volume of a cell [cm3] Density of line [1/cm2] = average flux [1/cm2/source] x #Line [source] = Track length [cm/source] of particles calculated by [t-track] by setting icntl = 5 You can obtain better statistics by increasing the history number Expected flux [1/cm2/source] No Reaction, No Ionization Mode 20

  21. Volume and Area Calculation Monte Carlo Integration is numerical integration using random number. Using this concept, the volume of each cell can be calculated from the average track length divided by the average flux inside the cell, by setting icntl = 5. Volume of a cell [cm3] by using isotropic irradiation source and You can obtain better statistics by increasing the history number Expected flux in the sphere is 1/πr2 (/cm2/source) No Reaction, No Ionization Mode 21

  22. Volume and Area Calculation lec03.inp file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 5 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[20] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = 1.0 e0 = 150 file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 5 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[30] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = -all e0 = 150 [ T - T r a c k ] off mesh = reg reg = 101 102 103 104 105 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ file = volume.out factor = pi*c1**2 [ T - C r o s s ] off mesh = reg reg = 5 r-in r-out area (101 102) (101 102) 1.0 (102 103) (102 103) 1.0 (103 104) (103 104) 1.0 (104 105) (104 105) 1.0 (105 106) (105 106) 1.0 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ file = area.out factor = pi*c1**2 [ T - T r a c k ] mesh = reg reg = 101 102 103 104 105 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ file = volume.out factor = pi*c1**2 [ T - C r o s s ] mesh = reg reg = 5 r-in r-out area (101 102) (101 102) 1.0 (102 103) (102 103) 1.0 (103 104) (103 104) 1.0 (104 105) (104 105) 1.0 (105 106) (105 106) 1.0 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ file = area.out factor = pi*c1**2 Change & Execute Normalization factor: = 1 / average flux = πr2 You can use mathematical equations in FORTRAN format in PHITS input file r1 = r2, dir = -all No Reaction, No Ionization Mode 22

  23. Results of Calculation volume.out area.out ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num reg volume flux r.err 1 101 1.0000E+00 4.1594E+02 0.1881 2 102 1.0000E+00 2.9858E+03 0.0823 3 103 1.0000E+00 1.0534E+04 0.0451 4 104 1.0000E+00 2.0323E+04 0.0295 5 105 1.0000E+00 3.2595E+04 0.0211 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num area flux r.err 1 1.0000E+00 1.5700E+02 0.1901 2 1.0000E+00 1.1874E+03 0.1019 3 1.0000E+00 3.1593E+03 0.0948 4 1.0000E+00 5.5458E+03 0.0723 5 1.0000E+00 7.7191E+03 0.0469 • Volume of each cell is… • 4π(5)3/3=524 cm3 • 4π(10)3/3 - 524=3665 cm3 • 4π(15)3/3 - 4189=9948 cm3 • 4π(20)3/3 - 14137=19373 cm3 • 4π(25)3/3 - 33510=31940 cm3 • Area of each surface is… • 4π(5)2=314 cm2 • 4π(10)2=1257 cm2 • 4π(15)2=2827 cm2 • 4π(20)2=5027 cm2 • 4π(25)2=7854 cm2 Differences become larger for inner spheres → Statistics are not enough !! No Reaction, No Ionization Mode 23

  24. Contents of Lecture III • Selection of Calculation Mode • Geometry Visualization Mode • Source Check Mode • No Reaction, No Ionization Mode • Control of Particle Transport Simulation • History Number • Cut-off Energy • Selection of Physical Models • Nuclear Reaction Model • Nuclear Data Library • Other Physical Models • Summary Contents 24

  25. Change History Number • The accuracy of Monte Carlo simulation depends on the history number of the simulation • You can obtain results with better statistics by increasing the history number maxcas x maxbch = Total history number History Number 25

  26. Volume and Area Calculation lec03.inp volume.out file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 5 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[30] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = -all e0 = 150 file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 5 maxcas = 10000 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[30] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = -all e0 = 150 file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 5 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[30] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = -all e0 = 150 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num reg volume flux r.err 1 101 1.0000E+00 5.3772E+02 0.0508 2 102 1.0000E+00 3.5871E+03 0.0242 3 103 1.0000E+00 1.0055E+04 0.0146 4 104 1.0000E+00 1.9882E+04 0.0095 5 105 1.0000E+00 3.2469E+04 0.0067 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num reg volume flux r.err 1 101 1.0000E+00 4.1594E+02 0.1881 2 102 1.0000E+00 2.9858E+03 0.0823 3 103 1.0000E+00 1.0534E+04 0.0451 4 104 1.0000E+00 2.0323E+04 0.0295 5 105 1.0000E+00 3.2595E+04 0.0211 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num reg volume flux r.err 1 101 1.0000E+00 5.2132E+02 0.0162 2 102 1.0000E+00 3.6695E+03 0.0076 3 103 1.0000E+00 9.8648E+03 0.0046 4 104 1.0000E+00 1.9316E+04 0.0031 5 105 1.0000E+00 3.1970E+04 0.0021 • Volume of each cell is… • 4π(5)3/3=524 cm3 • 4π(10)3/3 - 524=3665 cm3 • 4π(15)3/3 - 4189=9948 cm3 • 4π(20)3/3 - 14137=19373 cm3 • 4π(25)3/3 - 33510=31940 cm3 area.out ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num area flux r.err 1 1.0000E+00 3.0015E+02 0.0685 2 1.0000E+00 1.1869E+03 0.0349 3 1.0000E+00 2.7765E+03 0.0237 4 1.0000E+00 5.3456E+03 0.0218 5 1.0000E+00 7.8880E+03 0.0179 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num area flux r.err 1 1.0000E+00 3.2130E+02 0.0255 2 1.0000E+00 1.2291E+03 0.0122 3 1.0000E+00 2.8454E+03 0.0086 4 1.0000E+00 5.0156E+03 0.0063 5 1.0000E+00 7.8085E+03 0.0056 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num area flux r.err 1 1.0000E+00 1.5700E+02 0.1901 2 1.0000E+00 1.1874E+03 0.1019 3 1.0000E+00 3.1593E+03 0.0948 4 1.0000E+00 5.5458E+03 0.0723 5 1.0000E+00 7.7191E+03 0.0469 • Area of each surface is … • 4π(5)2=314 cm2 • 4π(10)2=1257 cm2 • 4π(15)2=2827 cm2 • 4π(20)2=5027 cm2 • 4π(25)2=7854 cm2 History Number 26

  27. Restart Calculation mode lec03.inp volume.out file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 5 maxcas = 10000 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out set: c1[30] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton x0 = 0. y0 = 0. z0 = 0. r1 = c1 r2 = 30 dir = -all e0 = 150 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num reg volume flux r.err 1 101 1.0000E+00 5.2132E+02 0.0162 2 102 1.0000E+00 3.6695E+03 0.0076 3 103 1.0000E+00 9.8648E+03 0.0046 4 104 1.0000E+00 1.9316E+04 0.0031 5 105 1.0000E+00 3.1970E+04 0.0021 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num reg volume flux r.err 1 101 1.0000E+00 5.1768E+02 0.0115 2 102 1.0000E+00 3.6609E+03 0.0054 3 103 1.0000E+00 9.8629E+03 0.0033 4 104 1.0000E+00 1.9284E+04 0.0022 5 105 1.0000E+00 3.1893E+04 0.0015 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num reg volume flux r.err 1 101 1.0000E+00 5.2004E+02 0.0094 2 102 1.0000E+00 3.6612E+03 0.0044 3 103 1.0000E+00 9.8995E+03 0.0027 4 104 1.0000E+00 1.9299E+04 0.0018 5 105 1.0000E+00 3.1800E+04 0.0012 istdev = -1 area.out ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num area flux r.err 1 1.0000E+00 3.2130E+02 0.0255 2 1.0000E+00 1.2291E+03 0.0122 3 1.0000E+00 2.8454E+03 0.0086 4 1.0000E+00 5.0156E+03 0.0063 5 1.0000E+00 7.8085E+03 0.0056 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num area flux r.err 1 1.0000E+00 3.1065E+02 0.0180 2 1.0000E+00 1.2476E+03 0.0090 3 1.0000E+00 2.8271E+03 0.0060 4 1.0000E+00 5.0014E+03 0.0045 5 1.0000E+00 7.8189E+03 0.0040 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ #num area flux r.err 1 1.0000E+00 3.1013E+02 0.0148 2 1.0000E+00 1.2660E+03 0.0075 3 1.0000E+00 2.8413E+03 0.0050 4 1.0000E+00 5.0008E+03 0.0037 5 1.0000E+00 7.7990E+03 0.0033 History Number 27

  28. Concept of Batch • “Batch” is a set of sources to be simulated in a single program run • When the simulation of one batch is finished • You can output the results still in progress by setting “itall=1” in the [parameters] section • You can terminate the job manually by editting “batch.now” file batch.now If you change “1” to “0” at the first line and save it, PHITS execution will be terminated when the simulation of current batch is finished 1 <--- 1:continue, 0:stop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bat[ 560] ncas = 560. : rijk = 151264979546685. low neutron = 0. : ncall/s = 4.000000000E+00 cpu time = 0.288 s. date = 2012-05-02 time = 15h 08m 25 History Number 28

  29. Job Termination by “batch.now” lec03.inp file = lec03.inp [ T i t l e ] ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 5 itall = 1 maxcas = 10000 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out c istdev = -1 If you feel the job is too long … batch.now source-direction.eps 1 <--- 1:continue, 0:stop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 <--- 1:continue, 0:stop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Check whether the job is properly terminated or not by seeing “phits.out” History Number 29

  30. Contents of Lecture III • Selection of Calculation Mode • Geometry Visualization Mode • Source Check Mode • No Reaction, No Ionization Mode • Control of Particle Transport Simulation • History Number • Cut-off Energy • Selection of Physical Models • Nuclear Reaction Model • Nuclear Data Library • Other Physical Models • Summary Contents 30

  31. Cut-off Energy You can reduce your computational time by killing the particles in which you are not interested, by setting “cut-off energy” parameters Table 4.3 Parameter 3 Particles with energy below their emin parameters are NOT traced by PHITS simulation Particles with energy below their cmin parameters does NOT cause nuclear reactions Cut-off Energy 31

  32. Cut-off Energy lec03.inp Mono-energetic proton 150MeV incidence [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 5 itall = 1 maxcas = 10000 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out c istdev = -1 set: c1[30] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ dir = -all e0 = 150 Change & Execute [ T - C r o s s ]off mesh = reg reg = 5 r-in r-out area 102 101 1.0 103 102 1.0 104 103 1.0 105 104 1.0 106 105 1.0 e-type = 2 ne = 100 emin = 0. emax = 200. axis = eng unit = 1 output = flux file = cross.out epsout = 1 [ T - C r o s s ] mesh = reg reg = 5 r-in r-out area 102 101 1.0 103 102 1.0 104 103 1.0 105 104 1.0 106 105 1.0 e-type = 2 ne = 100 emin = 0. emax = 200. axis = eng unit = 1 output = flux file = cross.out epsout = 1 [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 itall = 1 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out c istdev = -1 set: c1[30] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ dir = -all e0 = 150 source-energy.eps Tally inward fluxes between the constitution cells of onion gshow.eps Cut-off Energy 32

  33. Cut-off Energy lec03.inp Cut-off protons below 50 MeV [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 itall = 1 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 emin(1) = 50 file(6) = phits.out c istdev = -1 set: c1[30] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ dir = -all e0 = 150 [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 itall = 1 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 file(6) = phits.out c istdev = -1 set: c1[30] [ S o u r c e ] s-type = 9 proj = proton ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ dir = -all e0 = 150 Change & Execute cross.eps Proton fluxes below 50 MeV disappears Cut-off Energy 33

  34. Contents of Lecture III • Selection of Calculation Mode • Geometry Visualization Mode • Source Check Mode • No Reaction, No Ionization Mode • Control of Particle Transport Simulation • History Number • Cut-off Energy • Selection of Physical Models • Nuclear Reaction Model • Nuclear Data Library • Other Physical Models • Summary Contents 34

  35. Switching Energy • Several nuclear reaction models are implemented in PHITS • You can switch the models in the [parameters] section Nuclear Reaction Model 35

  36. Map of Nuclear Reaction Models (=emin) dmax(i) (3.0GeV) einclmax (1MeV) emin(i) Nucleon LibraryINCL (inclg=1) JAM (1MeV) emin(i) (3.0GeV) einclmax Pion INCL (inclg=1) JAM (3.5GeV/u) ejamqmd (10MeV/u) eqmdmin Nucleus JQMD JAMQMD (d, t, 3He, α) INCL (inclg=1) Kaon, Hyperon JAM Nuclear Reaction Model 36

  37. Change Nuclear Reaction Models lec03.inp [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 itall = 1 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 emin(1) = 50 file(6) = phits.out c istdev = -1 [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 itall = 1 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 emin(1) = 50 inclg = 0 file(6) = phits.out c istdev = -1 [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 itall = 1 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 emin(1) = 50 inclg = 0 ejamnu = 1000 file(6) = phits.out c istdev = -1 INCL JAM JQMD JQMD is time consuming in comparison to other models cross.eps Nuclear Reaction Model 37

  38. Contents of Lecture III • Selection of Calculation Mode • Geometry Visualization Mode • Source Check Mode • No Reaction, No Ionization Mode • Control of Particle Transport Simulation • History Number • Cut-off Energy • Selection of Physical Models • Nuclear Reaction Model • Nuclear Data Library • Other Physical Models • Summary Contents 38

  39. How to Use Data Libraries • Check nuclear data • c:/phits/XS/neu • Check address (xsdir) file • c:/phits/data/xsdir.jnd • Check 1st line of the address file • datapath=c:/phits/XS • Set “dmax(i)” and “file(7)” in the [Parameters] section Neutron data library Folder name where data libraries are included Nuclear Data Library 39

  40. Use Neutron Data Library lec03.inp phits.out [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 itall = 1 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 emin(1) = 50 inclg = 1 ejamnu = 1000 emin(2)= 1.0e-10 dmax(2) = 20 file(6) = phits.out file(7) = c:/phits/data/xsdir.jnd c istdev = -1 --------------------------------------------------------------- CPU Summary --------------------------------------------------------------- ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ other = 0.00 0.00 hydro = 0.00 0.00 310. dklos = 0.00 0.00 0. elast = 0.00 0.00 1348. ncasc = 0.00 0.00 4701. n-data = 0.00 0.00 38974. p-data = 0.00 0.00 0. e-data = 0.00 0.00 0. h-data = 0.00 0.00 0. berti = 0.00 0.00 0. ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Use data library for neutrons below 20 MeV (Check emin < dmax) Folder & file name of the address file Nuclear Data Library 40

  41. Use Photon & Electron Data Library • Set cut-off energies of electron, positron and photon: emin(12~14) = 1.0 → in order to avoid long computational time • Set their maximum energies for using their data libraries: dmax(12~14) = 1000.0 → enough high for most cases Execute PHITS • Check ‘e-data’ and ‘p-data’ written in ‘phits.out’ Exercise Visualize electron, positron and photon fluences by changing ‘part’ parameter in [t-track] Nuclear Data Library 41

  42. Other Nuclear Data Libraries • Various nuclear data are evaluated all over the world • Data themselves are opened to everybody, but you have to obtain the data written in ACE formatfrom OECD/NEA databank, RSICC or RIST, in similar to PHITS ・ JENDL (http://wwwndc.jaea.go.jp/jendl/j40/J40_J.html) ・ ENDF (http://t2.lanl.gov/data/data.html) ・ JEFF(Europe), BRPND(Russia), CENDL(China) etc. Nuclear Data Library 42

  43. How to Add Nuclear Data • Obtain nuclear datafrom OECD/NEA etc. e.g. JENDL High-Energy File 2007 (fxjh70h1, fxjh70n1) • Copy the address part of “xsdir” file included in the obtained data library • Paste it to the end of your original address file (c:/phits/data/xsdir.jnd) Address part of “xsdir” in JENDL/HE 1001.83c 0.999167 fxjh70n1 0 1 1 33607 0 0 2.526E-08 6012.83c 11.896900 fxjh70n1 0 1 8415 831703 0 0 2.526E-08 6013.83c 12.891700 fxjh70n1 0 1 216353 842886 0 0 2.526E-08 … Nuclear Data Library 43

  44. How to Select Nuclear Data • Specify the ID of nuclear data for each element in the [Material] section • Define the ID of nuclear data using “nlib” and “hlib” commands for each material • Otherwise, PHITS automatically uses the nuclear data library written upmost of the address file mat[1] 1H.83c 2 16O.83c 1 mat[1] 1H 2 16O 1 nlib = 83c $ use JENDL/HE2007 for neutron library hlib = 83h $ use JENDL/HE2007 for proton library Nuclear Data Library 44

  45. Contents of Lecture III • Selection of Calculation Mode • Geometry Visualization Mode • Source Check Mode • No Reaction, No Ionization Mode • Control of Particle Transport Simulation • History Number • Cut-off Energy • Selection of Physical Models • Nuclear Reaction Model • Nuclear Data Library • Other Physical Models • Summary Contents 45

  46. Selection of Physical Models igamma: Activate g-decay from residual nuclides produced by nuclear reaction. (Default setting does NOT produce g-rays) nspred and nedisp: Consider angular and energy straggling of charged particle, respectively (Important for beam transport analysis) Other Physical Models 46

  47. Event Generator Mode • A nuclear reaction model for low-energy neutron interaction using nuclear data library combined with a special evaporation model • Determine all ejectiles emitted from low-energy neutron interaction, considering the energy and momentum conservation Capture reaction Emit only charged particles or g-rays based on excitation energy neutron Elastic scattering Determine the recoil energy of residual nuclide (n,n’): inelastic reaction Emit charged particles or g-rays after emission of one neutron Target nucleus Charged particles are also emitted from the reaction using event generator mode Only neutrons are emitted from nuclear reaction using nuclear data (n,Nn’): multi-neutron production Emit charged particles, g-rays or neutrons after emission of one neutron Other Physical Models 47

  48. How to Use EG Mode Set “e-mode = 1” in the [Parameters] section Set “file(14) = c:/phits/data/trxcrd.dat” in the [Parameters] section • Database for g-ray decay • “igamma” is automatically set to 1 when you activate the event generator mode Table 5.7 Parameter 7 Other Physical Models 48

  49. Non-Event Generator Mode lec03.inp Change & Execute [ T - D e p o s i t ] off mesh = reg reg = 101 102 103 104 105 e-type = 3 ne = 50 emin = 0.01 emax = 200. axis = eng unit = 3 output = deposit part = all file = deposit.out title = Deposit energy distribution using [T-deposit] tally epsout = 1 angel = ymin[1.E-06] ymax[1.E-00] [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 itall = 1 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 emin(1) = 50 inclg = 1 ejamnu = 1000 emin(2)= 1.0e-10 dmax(2) = 20 file(6) = phits.out file(7) = c:/phits/data/xsdir.jnd c istdev = -1 [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 itall = 1 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 emin(1) = 50 inclg = 1 ejamnu = 1000 emin(2)= 1.0e-10 dmax(2) = 20 file(6) = phits.out file(7) = c:/phits/data/xsdir.jnd c istdev = -1 e-mode = 0 [ T - D e p o s i t ] mesh = reg reg = 101 102 103 104 105 e-type = 3 ne = 50 emin = 0.01 emax = 200. axis = eng unit = 3 output = deposit part = all file = deposit.out title = Deposit energy distribution using [T-deposit] tally epsout = 1 angel = ymin[1.E-06] ymax[1.E-00] Event generator mode is not activated (Default setting) [t-deposit] tally scores the deposition energy only from ionization of charged particles (i.e. Kerma approximation is NOT used) Other Physical Models 49

  50. Event Generator Mode Change & Execute lec03.inp [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 itall = 1 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 emin(1) = 50 inclg = 1 ejamnu = 1000 emin(2)= 1.0e-10 dmax(2) = 20 file(6) = phits.out file(7) = c:/phits/data/xsdir.jnd c istdev = -1 e-mode = 1 file(14) = c:/phits/data/trxcrd.dat [ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 itall = 1 maxcas = 1000 maxbch = 10 emin(1) = 50 inclg = 1 ejamnu = 1000 emin(2)= 1.0e-10 dmax(2) = 20 file(6) = phits.out file(7) = c:/phits/data/xsdir.jnd c istdev = -1 e-mode = 0 Events increase below 10 MeV! →Important for biological dose calculation deposit.eps Other Physical Models 50

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