Painful neck in vertebral osteochondrosis . Treatment from Emergency till SCENAR-center .

1. Painful neck in vertebral osteochondrosis.Treatment from Emergency till SCENAR-center. R.Kuzmova, E.Khatisova, T.Forostyan, I.Yakushev, A.V.Tarakanov (Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia)

2. Parties to Research Coordinator: Acute Care and Emergency Department, Rostov State Medical University (A.V.Tarakanov) Bulgaria: (SCENAR-Center) R.Kuzmova Ukraine: (SCENAR-Center) T.Forostyan Russia: • St.Petersburg (Emergency Station) I.Yakushev • Bataisk (Emergency Station) E.Khatisova • Maikop (Emergency Station)

3. Painful process in cervical osteochondrosis can be considered a separate nosological form of musculoskeletal affections. This pathology involves all tissues of the vertebral segment, many of which may cause chronic pain. The pain syndromesthat never develop in other regions of the spine are observed in the cervical spine.

4. Bystructural unit of the spine one means two neighboring vertebrasthat are connected by a vertebral disk, two synovial jointsand ligamentous system. As a result of pathological mobility of vertebras, vertebral tissues continuously degenerate on the level of affected segment, thus causing wearing out of the spine and various types of neck pain.

5. Clinical picture of the cervical osteochondrosis in the exacerbation phase includes pulsing painful sensations in the neck that increase from time to time, become unquenchable and intolerable - ‘shooting neck pain’. At the heart of this process - spasm of deep muscles, that causes muscle (functional) blocks of vertebral segments on one or several levels. Long-distance damage of outer fibers of the fibrous ring contributes a lot to the pathology. Rupture of the fibrous ring is only a releaser or starting mechanism in the development of muscle blocks of vertebral disks.

7. The anatomic substrate of the pain syndrome in cervical diskalgia on the level of С2-С5vertebras includes mainly multipartite muscles and short rotators. In case of protruded or herniated disk on the level ofС5-Тh1segments, the anterior and middle scalene muscles are additionally involved in developing of muscle blocks. This type of muscle blocks is known as the scalenus-anticus syndrome. As a result of spasm and the following cicatrical degeneration of the scalene muscles, subclavian vessels and brachial plexus roots (traumatic radiculitis, neuritis, and arteritis) are continuously irritated.

8. Cervical osteochondrosis syndromes in intervertebral foramen narrowing The syndromes are caused by mechanical factors – narrowing of intervertebral foramen and of nerve root compression, which shows itself as neurodystrophic syndromes (shoulder-hand syndrome, epicondylitis, humeroscapular periarthrosis or visceral syndromes). Simultaneous affection of several roots is typical for the cervical spine. This usually occurs in the lower cervical spine, where the spinal mobility is the highest.

9. Craniocerebral Signs of Osteochondrosis The vertebral arteryand the vegetative nerve plexus are located in the bone canaliculus of transverse processes of five lower cervical vertebras. Such anatomical determination makes the verterbal artery dependent on spondylosis presentations. Osteophytes may originate from the tissue of transverse processes but much more often they are caused by uncovertebral joints located near the vertebral artery. Their arthrosis leads to the development of massive uncovertebral exostosis. Two starting mechanisms underlie the vertebral artery syndrome: 1) irritation ofvertebral plexus (a. vertebralis),and 2) artery compression by osteochondromas

11. Secondary (additional) sources of neck pain in vertebral osteochondrosis Myogenic trigger points make their contribution to the development of painful neck in osteochondrosis. They are painful indurations (hardening) in muscles, mainly in those that are usually involved in myotonic reactions. There are 2 stages: 1) functional stage characterized by reversible abnormalities in muscles; 2) dystrophic stage when functional disorders in the muscular tissue turn to the scarry changes that are irreversible.

12. Major tasks of management of patients in the acute period of pain 1. Pain relief 2. Restore normal biomechanics of the spine. 3. Create conditions for providing a full course of rehabilitation.

13. Emergency2 treatment methods

14. Materials and MethodsNeck pain in the pre-admission period 1) Treatment method Group 1 CHANS-02-SCENAR, SDM, 15-20 minutesprojection of pain (Collar zone) Patients:n=61 (M = 16 - 41.8±3.7y.o.; F = 45 - 46.9 ±4.3y.o.), Group 2 Ketonal(control) I.M. 100 mg Patients:n=30 (M = 7 - 40.4 ±3.3y.o.; F = 23 - 52.5 ±4.7y.o.)

15. Results

16. 2) Treatment Procedure Group 1 CHANS-02-SCENAR, SDM, spaced electrodes, 10-15- minCollar Zone in modulation 3:1 Patients:n=28 Group 2 Metamizole Sodium (control) I.M. 1000 mg Patients:n=22

17. Electrode movement vector

21. Effectiveness of pain relief in cervical osteochondrosis patients depending on the pre-admission care in % of initial indices

22. Rehabilitation in SCENAR-Center

23. Rehabilitation coursePart of SCENAR 1. Wearing a neck brace (cervical collar) to reduce the load on the cervical spine. • Postisometric relaxation, tractionetc. are used to relieve neck stress and restore normal anatomicallocationsof structures of the cervical spine – SCENAR. 3. Acupunctural techniques are effective for both pain relief in this pathology and for removing concomitant symptoms (dizziness, discomfort in the heart area, changes in the arterial blood pressure) – SCENAR. 4. If clinically indicated, drugs can be prescribed. • If not contraindicated, physical therapy may be applied (diadynamic currents, magnetotherapy, electrophoresis with vasodilators and analgesics, phonophoresis with Hydrocortisone etc.) - SCENAR. 6. After pain relief, if needed, a set of therapeutic exercises is selected for strengthening neck muscles (forming an adequate muscular corset). Massotherapy of the cervical spine may be included in the therapeutic course – SCENAR. ?

24. Neck Disability Index(H.Vernon, J.Mior, 1989) 10 Section Assessment 1. Pain intensity 2. Personal care 3. Lifting 4. Reading 5. Headaches 6. Concentration 7. Work 8. Driving 9. Sleeping 10. Recreation

25. 5Point Scale The patient should answer every section and in each section mark the statement that most closely describes his/her problem. Then the points of sections are added up. The maximum score is 50 points. Using this system, the questionnaire score is considered to identify: • no disability –0-4 points • mild disability – 5-14 points • moderate disability – 15-24 points • severe disability –25-34 points • complete disability –35points or more

26. Mean age =50.4 y.o. Male 3 Female 8 *

27. Average age =50.4 Male 3 Female 11

28. 1. Pain intensity 2. Personal care 3. Lifting 4. Reading 5. Headaches 6. Concentration 7. Work 8. Driving 9. Sleeping 10. Recreation

29. Possible Failures of Treatment

30. Natural ageing Repeated microtraumas Genetic predisposition Pain Development Mechanism Irritation of pain receptors of fibrous ring and posterior longitudinal ligament disk degeneration Muscle spasm SCENAR SCENAR disk protrusion Pain SCENAR vertebramotor segment disfunction Mechanical compression of the root,its inflammation, edema and demyelination facet arthrosis, osteophyte growth Spontaneous Pains spinal and radicular (nerve-root) canal stenosis

31. Conclusion SCENAR-therapy is an effective method for treating degenerative diseases of the spine on all levels of providing care. Basic effects pain relief better quality of life less drugs

32. Investigations to Be Done ! • Morphological investigations. • Ultrasound of blood circulation. • Biochemical investigations.