The Space Race Part II

1. The Space RacePart II The Quest for the Moon

2. U.S.S.R. – Luna Missions • Luna 1 • First spacecraft to achieve Earth-escape velocity. • Luna 2 • First spacecraft to impact the Moon. • Luna 3 • First spacecraft to photograph the far side of the Moon.

3. U.S.S.R. – Luna Missions • Luna 9 – First unmanned landing on the Moon. First pictures of the lunar surface. • Luna10 – First unmanned spacecraft to orbit the Moon. • Luna13 – Unmanned lunar landing. Tested the density of the lunar soil. • Luna16 – First automated lunar landing & return of soil samples. • Luna17 – First automated lunar roving vehicle. • Luna24 – First automated deep soil sample return from the Moon.

4. U.S.S.R. – Zond Missions • Zond 3 – Lunar flyby. • Zond 5 – First cirumlunar flight & recovery of live animals (turtles). • Zond 6 – Lunar flyby. • Zond 7 – Color photographs of the Earth & Moon at varying distances. • Zond 8 – Photographs. Splashdown in the Indian Ocean.

5. U.S.A. – Apollo Missions • Apollo 1 – Saturn 1B rocket launched. Unmanned Apollo capsule in a suborbital flight. • Apollo 2 – Saturn 1B rocket & unmanned Apollo capsule used to test the capsule’s ability to withstand high reentry temperatures. • Apollo 3 – Planned as first manned flight but fire killed Astronauts Grissom, Chaffee, & White during a test. Resulted in changes to the interior of the Apollo capsule.

6. U.S.A. – Apollo Missions • Apollo 4 – First test of the Saturn V rocket. Launched unmanned Apollo capsule which orbited the Earth twice. • Apollo 5 – Saturn 1B rocket carried an unmanned lunar landing module into space. First test in space of the lunar module. • Apollo 6 – Saturn 5 rocket launched an unmanned Apollo capsule into space.

7. U.S.A. – Apollo Missions • Apollo 7 – First manned Apollo flight. First T.V. presentation. Practiced docking with the lunar rover in space. • Apollo 8– First manned flight to orbit the Moon. • Apollo 9 – Apollo capsule with Lunar Module orbits the Earth. • Apollo 10 – Apollo capsule & Lunar Module orbit the Moon. Astronauts look for a future landing site.

8. U.S.A. – Apollo Missions • Apollo 11 – First manned landing on the Moon. Astronauts Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldren (Collins remained in the command module).

10. U.S.A. – Moon EVA 1

11. U.S.A. – Apollo 11 Splashdown

12. U.S.A. - Apollo Missions • Apollo 12 – Astronauts conducted experiments on the Moon’s surface during a 32 hour stay on the Moon. • Apollo 13 – Disaster! Loss of liquid oxygen pressure & failure of two fuel cells. The mission was aborted. The capsule flew around the Moon & returned to Earth safely.

13. U.S.A. – Apollo Missions • Apollo 14 – Explored a highland region of the Moon & took back 100 pounds of rock. • Apollo 15 & 16 – Astronauts conducted experiments & traveled on the Moon’s surface using a Lunar Rover. • Apollo 17 – The last stay on the Moon. Experiments showed that volcanoes used to exist on the Moon.

14. U.S.S.R. – Soyuz Missionscontinued… • Soyuz 12 – Spacecraft re-qualification after the Soyuz 11 failure. • Soyuz 18A – Space flight aborted due to launch vehicle malfunction. Crew survives.

15. U.S.A. & U.S.S.R. Apollo (ASTP) & Soyuz 19 First international docking.

16. Living in Space To be continued…