By: Melissa Grady & Kayla Nowak-Gayer

1. P&B 5Examine one interaction between cognition and physiology in terms of behavior (for example, agnosia, anosonosia, prosapagnosia, amnesia). By: Melissa Grady & Kayla Nowak-Gayer

2. Cognition • Thinking, observing, and remembering are all involved in cognitive processing. • Cognitive Psychology: concerns itself with the structure and functions of the mind. • They try to find out how human minds begin to know things about the world and how all this knowledge is used. • Cognitive Neuroscience: combining knowledge of the brain with knowledge about cognitive processes.

3. Cognition Continued… • Cognition refers to the different models that represent cognitive processes. • Mental Representations: • people have had different experiences in life which allow people to have different mental representations. • Ex: What is right or wrong?

4. Physiology • The organization of the brain and body of mammals and humans. • In 2004, Richard Davidson conducted an experiment to answer the question, “Could mediation, for example, change brain activity?”

5. Richard Davidson Experiment Studies have found that during concentration meditation the brain shows increased frontal gamma, a frequency commonly associated with controlled focus • Eight Buddhist monks (highly experienced in mediation) and ten volunteers (learned to meditate in a week). • Participlants were told to meditate on love and compassion. • A PET (positron emission tomography) scan was used. • This observed that two of the controls and all eight monks experienced an increase in gamma waves in the brain during mediation. • The synchronized gamma-wave area of the monks’ brains were much larger then the volunteers’ brains. • Result: These findings show that the brain adapts from the environment or as a result of our own thinking.

6. Agnosia • The loss of being able to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss. Types of Agnosia: • face agnosia • finger agnosia • time agnosia • visual agnosia Causes: • Strokes, dementia, or other neurological disorders. • trauma-induced by a head injury, brain infection, or it has been found to be hereditary.

7. Study on Agnosia Lissauer: He stated that combinations of damage to a part of the brain could impair visual, auditory or somatosensory perception or recognition. He found that a person could not recognize a key from other objects, name a key from a picture or object display, or match a picture of one kind of key with another. Even though the person didn’t lose the the ability to "know" what a key was they could demonstrate the knowledge of what a key was used for. He would ask a question like, "What do you use to open a lock?"

8. Anosognosia • Is the unawareness or denial of a neurological deficit, such as hemiplegia. • It is caused by damage to specific parts of the brain particularly in frontotemporal dementia. • People with impaired awareness of illness may not recognize that they are ill. They believe their delusions are real. • hearing or seeing things • Medications can improve awareness in some patients. • 2 diseases that relate to anosognosia are schizophrenia and bipolar. • People with those diseases tend to not want to take there medication. • 50 percent of individuals with schizophrenia • 40 percent of individuals with bipolar disorder.

9. Amnesia • Partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock, psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness. Study: • One study was done by psychiatrist Thigpen and Cleckley in 1954. A 25 year old woman named Eve White had been experiencing severe headaches, blackouts, and amnesia. • She was able to recall her blackouts and it seemed like she was getting well again. • Next visit to the psychiatrist she had a horrible headache but surprised then with a personality change. • She was the complete opposite than who she was. • Using some tests to measure the dimensions of the psychological behavior. • After a year of headaches and blackouts the amnesia was getting worse...during a hypnosis we had a new personality she said she name was Jane. Jane was a balance of eve whites good and bad side. • The result: they don't know if the hypnosis worked.

10. Prosopagnosia • Inability to recognize the faces of other people or one's own features in a mirror, due to damage to the underside of both occipital lobes. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZogbIvdgfzQ&feature=related