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PFOA/PFSA overview and regulations

PFOA/PFSA overview and regulations. Jin Yang 6/17/2011. Outline. History of PFOA/PFSA EPA regulations Replacements of PFOA/PFSA Conclusions. PFOA/PFSA. Chemistry PFOA PFSA. Applications and unique properties. Applications Surfactants Emulsifiers in fluoropolymers (C7F15CO2NH4)

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PFOA/PFSA overview and regulations

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  1. PFOA/PFSA overview and regulations Jin Yang 6/17/2011

  2. Outline • History of PFOA/PFSA • EPA regulations • Replacements of PFOA/PFSA • Conclusions

  3. PFOA/PFSA • Chemistry • PFOA • PFSA

  4. Applications and unique properties • Applications • Surfactants • Emulsifiers in fluoropolymers (C7F15CO2NH4) • Building block for introducing Rf chain. • Unique properties: • Chemical inert and stable • C8F17 is both hydrophobic and oleophobic.

  5. History of PFOA/PFSA issues • 3M announced phase-out of PFSA in May 2000 • Blood test results of 3M employees showed high level of PFSA (ppm level in manufacturing workers, ~30-20ppb level in blood bank) • EPA also concerned the PFOA • EPA stepped in and other fluorine chemical companies were pressed to do the similar thing. • Environment groups and state/local administration stepped in.

  6. EPA responses and actions • PFOA/PFSA 2010/2015 stewardship program • Voluntary base program • Arkema, Asahi, BASF Corporation (successor to Ciba), Clariant, Daikin, 3M/Dyneon, DuPont, Solvay Solexis • Participating companies: • Submitted baseline year 2000 data on emissions and product content. • Report annual progress toward goals and report progress in terms of both U.S. and global operations. • Reduce 95% of PFOA/PFSA in 2010. • Totally ban PFOA/PFSA in Dec. 2015.

  7. The power of EPA-TSCA • TSCA (Toxic substances control act) • It was established in 1976 • Scope of TSCA: • Manufacture in US (PMN-pre-manufacture notice) • Import • Blend/mixing • Export from US • TSCA not only apply in new chemicals but also apply in new applications of existing chemicals.

  8. PMN regulations • Exempts of PMN (pre-manufacture notice): • R&D only • LV (Low Volume (<25,000lb/year)) • Export only • Fluorine-containing compounds are not entitled to be LV exempt.

  9. Anti-fluorine panic in US • Halogenated compounds (flame-retard materials) had been strictly regulated by various environment groups and green movements such as cable manufactures, green building movement and furnish manufactures. • There is totally ban fluorine compounds movement in US. Fluorine compounds are under attacked by different groups.

  10. What we can learn from US • Be pro-active. • Involving the regulations decision in the beginning. • Be open mind. • Don’t deny and defend some fluorine compounds are not health. • Be scientific mind. • Using solid scientific data/evidences to support the decisions. Do not be emotional.

  11. International regulations • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) • 2000 - OECD developed a Hazard Assessment of PFOS and Its Salts. • 2006 - OECD released a Survey on the Production and Use of PFOS, PFOA, PFAS, PFCA, and related substances. • 2006 - OECD held a workshop on PFCs and precursors and published a Workshop Report in 2007.

  12. International regulations • United Nation's Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) • December 2005 - LRTAP parties agreed to consider PFOS as a persistent organic pollutant (POPs). • 2006 United Nations ECE published a report on existing information on PFOSproduction, use, emissions and pathways to the environment • United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) • February 2009 - UNEP, in cooperation with U.S., hosted an International Workshop on Managing PFCs and Transitioning to Safer Alternatives

  13. International regulations • Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) • June 2005 - Sweden proposed the listing of PFOS and its precursors in Annex A of POPs. • May 2009 - The production and use of PFOS and its salts, were restricted under Annex B. Read more information on the chemicals listed under Annex A and B.

  14. International regulations • May 2009 - UN Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) • Agreed to consider stewardship programs and regulatory approaches to reduce emissions and product content of PFAC and PFAS chemicals and to work toward their elimination , where feasible

  15. Expanding stewardship program • Reaching out to other countries, especially to China • Chinese fluorine chemicals companies are invited to join this stewardship program • Deadline for phase out PFOA/PFSA is soon (Dec. 2015)

  16. EPA regulations • The point view of EPA (PBT of PFOA/PFSA) • Persistent • Bio-accumulative • Toxic • In Dec. 2015 phase out of PFOA/PFSA totally.

  17. Regulations changed for F-polymers • Fluoro-polymers are treated as normal polymers in term of EPA regulation polymer exempt is gone. • Fluoro-polymer with CF3-CF2- chain length of 2 or more need file TSCA and PMN (pre-manufacture notice). • PMN is not only required for manufacture in US but also for import from oversea.

  18. Long-chain perfluorinated chemicals • Long-chain perfluorinated chemicals (LCPFC) are the targets by EPA • EPA treats long chain perfluorinated chemicals as PBT. • In Dec. 2009, EPA published actions plan on LCPFCs. • Given the concerns with LCPFCs, it can reasonably be anticipated that continued exposure could increase body burdens to levels that would result in adverse outcomes • TSCA section 6 provides EPA the authority to ban or restrict the manufacture, processing, and use of these chemicals

  19. Some exempts for PFOA/PFSA applications • Since the critical roles of PFOA/PFSA in some industrials. So some industrials can continue to use PFOA/PFSA • Imaging/photography • Auto industrial • Aero-space industrial • Military applications • Semi-conductor industrial

  20. Replacements of PFOA/PFSA • Currently EPA are reviewing over 120 chemicals for PFOA/PFSA replacements. • F(CF2)n- type compounds, n>=6 will be considered PBT like PFOA/PFSA • C4F9- type compounds showed less toxic and shorter half-life time in environment.

  21. Approaches for PFOA/PFSA replacement • Short perfluorinated chain: • C4F9 or shorter than C4 • Short perfluorinated chain with CH2 as linkage: • C4F9CH2C4F8CH2- • -(CF2)n(CH2)m-, n<=3 and m>=1

  22. Conclusion • PFOA/PFSA is Persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic. • PFOA/PFSA will be totally phase out in Dec. 2015 • Long-chain perfluorinated chemicals (n>4) will be strictly monitored by EPA. • Short-chain perfluorinated chemicals will be the focus for future development.

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