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Explore the fascinating world of symbiosis and how organisms adapt to diverse environments, from desert plants to rainforest species. Discover mutualistic relationships and adaptations to living and non-living factors.
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Bio 161 Community Ecology: Symbiosis.
Adaptation to the Non-living or Abiotic environment. Desert plants
Adaptation to the non-living or abiotic environment. Rain forest
Adaptation to the non-living or abiotic environment. Canyon tree frog (camouflage – cryptic coloration)
Bio 161 Organisms are adapted to the living or biotic environment: Symbiosis.
Symbiosis Neutralism Commensalism Mutualism Competition Antagonism
Cattle and sheep make trails in grass that they trample and without realizing it are killing the grass.
Symbiosis: Amensalism or antagonism?
Creosote bushes (Mojave desert) secrete growth inhibitor in the soil.
Black walnut tree secrete JUGLONE that prevents and kills many other plants.
Symbiosis: Amensalism or antagonism?
Symbiosis: mutualism. Many examples:
Symbiosis: mutualism Pollination:
Hawkmoth approaching orchid flowers at the beginning of a foraging event.
Orchid pollinia attached to dorsal base of the hawkmoth tongue.
Orchid pollinia at the ventral base of the hawkmoth proboscis.
Symbiosis: mutualism Natural Theology:
Comparison of orchid nectar spur and hawkmoth proboscis or tongue.
Why is the spur of the orchid as long as the proboscis of the moth?
Star orchid Angraecumsesquipedale) and hawk moth (Xanthopanmorganiipraedicta). For the orchid to develop the very long spur (12 inches) and the moth to develop a correspon-dingly long proboscis the interests of the two mutualists must be different.