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Generation and processing of UWB Signals over fiber

Generation and processing of UWB Signals over fiber. Béatrice Cabon IMEP Institut de Microélectronique Electomagnétisme et Photonique INPG-MINATEC, Grenoble, France Jianping Yao Microwave Photonics Research Laboratory School of Information Technology and Engineering

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Generation and processing of UWB Signals over fiber

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  1. Generation and processing of UWB Signals over fiber Béatrice Cabon IMEP Institut de Microélectronique Electomagnétisme et Photonique INPG-MINATEC, Grenoble, France Jianping Yao Microwave Photonics Research Laboratory School of Information Technology and Engineering University of Ottawa, Canada ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  2. Part I Photonic generation of UWB Signals Outline • Introduction to UWB • Photonic generation of UWB pulses • Based on phase modulation to intensity modulation (PM-IM) conversion • Based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) • Based on a nonlinearly biased MZM • Summary ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  3. Introduction: concept • Advantages of UWB: • High data rate • Reduced multipath fading • Co-existing with other wireless access techniques • Advantages of using direct-sequence impulse UWB: • Carrier free, without the need of frequency mixers and local oscillators • High multipath resolution • Ultra high precision ranging at centimeter level • Enhanced capability to penetrate through obstacles ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  4. Introduction : FCC regulation FCC regulation approved in 2002: (1) Bandwidth >500 MHz or fractional bandwidth >20% (2) The unlicensed bandwidth: 3.1-10.6 GHz (3) Maximum power density: -41.3 dBm/MHz FCC spectral mask for indoor commercial UWB system L. Yang, and G. B. Giannakis, IEEE Signal Processing Mag., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 26-54, Nov. 2004 ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  5. Introduction: Ideal UWB pulses Gaussian pulse: Gaussian monocycle (first-order derivative): Gaussian doublet (second-order derivative): doublet monocycle Waveform Gaussian t (ps) t (ps) t (ps) Spectrum f (GHz) f (GHz) f (GHz) ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  6. PM-IM conversion based on chromatic dispersion Fig. 1. PM-IM conversion based on chromatic dispersion. First peak Second notch First notch DC F. Zeng and J. P. Yao, "Investigation of phase modulator based all-optical bandpass microwave filter," IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 23, no. 4, pp.1721-1728, April 2005. Fig. 2. The corresponding RF frequency response. The frequency response is used to shape the spectrum of a Gaussian pulse to a doublet. ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  7. UWB generation and distribution over fiber 25 km Chromatic dispersion based UWB pulse generation and distribution system (a) (b) (b) (a) Fig. 2. UWB doublet (a) the waveform, and (b) the power spectrum. Fig. 1 BERT output pulse (a) the waveform, and (b) the power spectrum. F. Zeng and J. P. Yao, " An approach to UltraWideBand pulse generation and distribution over optical fiber," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 823-825, March 2006. ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  8. UWB generation based on frequency discrimination Cross phase modulation R R C C B B Pulse laser P P source FBG UFBG D D A A t t w w H Pump TLS: Tunable laser source PC: Polarization Controller OA: Optical Amplifier PD: Photodetector FBG: Fiber Bragg grating NLF: Nonlinear Fiber Pump PC PC Frequency Discrimination PD OA TL S TLD OA NLF PD NLF Probe Probe Circulator Circulator The phase modulation (PM) is realized at the nonlinear fiber (NLF) via cross phase modulation and PM-IM conversion is performed at the edges of the FBG reflection spectrum (frequency discriminator). UWB Pulse a a a a t t t t A A B B a a a a F. Zeng and J. P. Yao, "Ultrawideband impulse radio signal generation using a high-speed electrooptic phase modulator and a fiber-Bragg-grating-based frequency discriminator," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 18, no. 19, pp. 2062- 2064, Oct. 2006. t t t t C C D D ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  9. UWB generation based on on a semiconductor optical amplifier Generated monocycle 1549.01 nm 1552.80 nm Fig. 1. UWB pulse generation based on cross gain modulation (XGM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and time-delay by FBGs The spectrum of the generated monocycle Q. Wang, F. Zeng, S. Blais, and J. P. Yao, "Optical Ultrawideband monocycle pulse generation based on cross-gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier," Optics Letters, vol. 31, no. 21, pp. 3083-3085, November 2006. ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  10. Nonlinearly biased MZM Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM): By biasing the MZM at the nonlinear regions, UWB doublet pulses can be generated. Experimental results: Pulse width 270 ps, bandwidth 8 GHz, centered at 4.5 GHz, Lower frequencies are suppressed Q. Wang and J. P. Yao, "UWB doublet generation using a nonlinearly-biased electro-optic intensity modulator," IEE Electronics Letters, vol. 42, no. 22, pp. 1304-1305, October 2006. ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  11. Summary • Three approaches to generating UWB pulses were proposed and demonstrated: • The first approach was based on PM-IM conversion using either a dispersive device or an optical frequency discriminator. • The second approach was based on XGM in an SOA. • The third approach was based on a nonlinearly biased MZM. • All approaches could be realized using pure fiber-optic components, which have the potential for integration. ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  12. Acknowledgments • The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada • The contributions of Fei Zeng, and Qing Wang. ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  13. Part II Processing of UWB Signals Outline • MWP processing and modulation schemes • Low cost RoF links for UWB • Example of UWB: MB-OFDM • Up conversions of UWB signals • UWB/O • O/UWB • Summary ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  14. 1- MWP Processing and modulation schemes Direct modulation :low cost, easy implementation, but limited bandwidth (30 GHz), non-linearity, RIN, chirp Optical domain Input: Microwave signal Ouput: Microwave signal Photodetector Optical source Optical device External modulation : larger bandwidth (50 GHz for EOM), larger electrical gain of the link, but expensive Input: Microwave signal Advantages: Range and bandwidth extensions (MMW, UWB over fiber…) ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  15. 2- Low cost RoF links for UWB UWBout • Direct modulation: SMF and MMF • Critical considerations: UWBin Fiber Laser Diode Photodiode + TIA - SMF Chromatic dispersion - MMF Intermodal dispersion VCSEL or DFB • - Non-linearity • Shot noise • Thermal noise • Dark current • - Non-linear L-I curve • RIN • Chirp Central Station Access Node Ref : Y. Le Guennec et al, Technologies for UWB-Over-Fiber, LEOS’ 2006 ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  16. Band Group #2 Band Group #3 Band Group #1 Band Group #4 Band Group #5 Band #1 Band #2 Band #3 Band #4 Band #5 Band #6 Band #7 Band #8 Band #9 Band #10 Band #11 Band #12 Band #13 Band #14 PSD (dB/MHz) 3432 3960 4488 5016 5544 6072 6600 7128 7656 8184 8712 9240 9768 10296 F (MHz) 3- Example of UWB : MB-OFDM MB-OFDM (Multi Band-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing): • OFDM + TFC (Time Frequency Code) → Multi users possibility. • Spectrum is divided into 14 sub-bands of 528 MHz wide, data rate up to 480 Mb/s • 122 sub-carriers, 22 pilots • Frequency hopping (with TFC) ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  17. 4- MWP up-conversions of UWB • UWB/O up-conversion • O/UWB up-conversion UWB – »baseband» Laser Diode Modulator or UWB « frequency converted» Fiber Photodiode + TIA UWB « frequency converted» UWB –on optical carrier ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  18. fsci UWB/O up-conversion Principles : 1) PSD (dBc/Hz) 0 UWB - OFDM -50 Non linear MWP mixing Frequency hopping PD Freq (GHz) -0.4 0.4 0 loptical fsc 1 fsc2 ….. 2) PSD (dBc/Hz) Non linear MWP mixing PD UWB Freq (GHz) Freq (GHz) 0 10.6 60 3.1 ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  19. P freq FH+ FIF FIF Example: Optical up-conversion for frequency hopping over fiber MB-OFDM frequency hopping using optical MW mixing P freq Up - conversion IF = OFDM UWB signal Ref : Y. Le Guennec et al, Technologies for UWB-Over-Fiber, LEOS’ 2006 ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  20. in in P P UBW UWB Popt PD out in in P P P Bias Tee + LO IF LO I Bias Tee DC + out P PD EOM IF b) Electro-optic external modulator (EOM) MWP mixing : nonlinear modulations DC a) Laser diode (LD) Popt V ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  21. PD PD out in out in P P P P LO LO IF IF Bias Tee Bias Tee Bias Tee EOM1 EOM2 P DC in UWB d) EOM + EOM, linear MWP mixing : cascaded modulations DC Popt Popt EOM P in UWB I V c) LD + EOM, linear Allow remote inputs ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  22. in P UWB in out P P LO IF Non linear MWP mixing Up conversion O/UWB I photodiode V e) Photodiode (PD) ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  23. Frequency hopping with direct modulation Optical microwave up-conversion of OFDM (802.11a) • Direct modulation: low cost mixing solution, no additional component • Bias current close to the threshold current P-I curve Experimental OFDM up-conversion from 1.5 GHz to 5.8 GHz EVM (% rms) • Compromise between optimal mixing in non linear zone and clipping • Higher photodetected RIN to consider in 528 MHz BW Ibias (mA) ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  24. Perspectives for UWB/O at 60 GHz UWB - PRBS 2 Gb/s signal on sub-carrier of 2 GHz UWB signal around 40 GHz SMF PMF PMF EDFA EOM EOM SA 1 2 PDs DFB 60GHz 1550nm X UWB f =2 GHz sc f =20 GH z LO Min T Optical carrier suppression Linear Regime PD - sub-carrier at 2 fLO= 40 GHz The 60 GHz optical heterodyne signal is generated by the double side band suppressed carrier “DS-SC” method ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  25. Input PRBS 2 Gb/s Output Up converted PRBS around 60 GHz 2 Gb/s ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  26. O-UWB up-conversion : experimental results @ IMEP UWB signal up-converted at 8 GHz UWB signal , BW 3.4 GHz IR-UWB signal PLO=10 dBm 8 GHz BW 6-10 GHz ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  27. Monocycle input signal, time domain Monocycle – FFT Frequency domain BW=3.416 GHz ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  28. Up-conversion of UWB at 8 GHz Perspectives : 60 GHz up-conversion ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  29. 5- Summary • Two approaches to up-converting UWB signals • The first approach , UWB/O uses EOM and LD • The second approach, O/UWB, uses a PD all based on a non-linearity • Approaches allow transmission at 60 GHz for future picocellular WLAN’s applications ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

  30. Acknowledgments • UROOF IST project, • The contributions of Giang NGUYEN, René GARY and Yannis LE GUENNEC ISIS-IPHOBAC SUMMER SCHOOL, May 17-18, 2007, Budapest, Hungary "Broadband Architectures and Functions"

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