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Terrorism

Terrorism. Definitions and examples. What is terrorism?. Take a couple minutes with the person next to you and come up with a definition and put in the first box In the second box, write down all the terms you heard from others that might improve or change your definition

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Terrorism

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  1. Terrorism Definitions and examples

  2. What is terrorism? • Take a couple minutes with the person next to you and come up with a definition and put in the first box • In the second box, write down all the terms you heard from others that might improve or change your definition • Terrorism: Unlawful use of force against persons or property to coerce government or society to further a political objective • (from the FBI)

  3. Why use terrorism? • Synthesis of war and theater • Two main objectives • 1. Instill fear • intimidation • 2. Send a message

  4. Acts of Terrorism • Bombings • Kidnappings • Hijackings • Assassinations • Mass murder • Weapons of mass destruction • Often highly planned, but most effective when terror seems random

  5. Cycle of violence • Hard to break • Real or imagined oppression • 1. Elite won’t give up power • 2. Oppressed use terrorism to gain power • 3. Elite/oppressors strike back harder • Makes oppression real • 4. Oppressed may gain help and sympathy from outside groups to help cause/fight back

  6. Types of actions • 1. Dynastic Assassinations • Take out countries leadership to create chaos and instability

  7. 2. Random Terror • Random act of violence to cause greatest fear in public • Non-discriminatory • Any place, any time

  8. 3. Random Focused Terror • Go to where the oppressor may be • Attack symbol of the oppressor • Mumbai, Bali • Mumbai news clip

  9. 4. Focused Terror • Attack oppressor in their place of power • Ft. Dix (2 times), Pentagon

  10. 5. Mass Terror • State sanctioned terror against its own citizens for political purposes

  11. Terrorist as Actors • 1. Fundamentalists • Desire to go back to a time when things were perfect/better (possibly never existed) • Ku Klux Klan -return to pre-Civil War, white power, started as Southern then grew, modern world is not good so need a scapegoat=blacks, immigrants • Al-Qaeda –go back to pre-Israel Sunni Muslim “state” • Strictly follow sharia law (religious law) • Often mix religion with their ideology

  12. 2. Anarchists • Against authority b/c all government limits freedom • Political anarchy: strike out against government • Women as likely as men to be anarchists b/c of problems with the moral/social order • Ted Kaczynsky (Unabomber): oppressors of freedom as targets • mainly corporate, educational, and governmental • Colombine shooters: Against social order • School rules and implicit peer rules/order

  13. 3. Separatists • One group of people want to separate from current country/government b/c they are oppressed • Oppressed keep attacking until they separate • Northern Ireland (still pat of UK) • Irish Republican Army have attacked the British for decades • Palestine: PLO wants out of Israel (fundamentalist and separatist) • Basque region, Spain: ETA militant separatists who want out of Spain

  14. 4. Marxist • Want to end exploitation • Gender, race, ethnicity • Want equality • Use Marxist ideology; masses are too easily exploited; must help them • Lenin • Mao • Castro • Terrorists before communists

  15. 5. State Sponsored Terrorism • Use Terrorists groups to carry out political objectives • Too dangerous to do on own • Pakistan: Kashmir area, assisted al-Qaeda and Taliban • USSR: sponsored communist revolutions around the world • USA: aided the Mujahedeen in Afghanistan • Too many other examples

  16. 6. State Terrorism • Government uses terror against own people • Nazis: Holocaust • Pol Pot: Khmer Rouge • 1.5 M Cambodians died of starvation, execution, disease, and overwork • Stalin: Purge USSR of anti-Communists • French Rev: Jacobins- “Reign of Terror”

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