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Chapter 10 Blood The Body’s Drink!!

Chapter 10 Blood The Body’s Drink!!. Anatomy and Physiology. Blood - Introduction. Blood – a type of connective tissue that consists of cells and cell fragments surrounded by a liquid matrix. The liquid portion is the plasma.

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Chapter 10 Blood The Body’s Drink!!

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  1. Chapter 10BloodThe Body’s Drink!! Anatomy and Physiology

  2. Blood - Introduction • Blood – a type of connective tissue that consists of cells and cell fragments surrounded by a liquid matrix. • The liquid portion is the plasma. • Total blood volume for avg. adult female = 4 to 5 liters and avg. adult male = 5 to 6 L • Blood makes up about 8% of total body weight

  3. Functions of Blood • Transports oxygen, nutrients, enzymes, and hormones • Transports CO2 and waste products away from tissue • Maintains body temperature • Maintains body fluids

  4. Oxygen enters blood in the lungs and CO2 enters blood from tissues. 95% of the volume of blood consist of RBC or erythrocytes 5% consists of WBC or leukocytes and cell fragments called platelets or thrombocytes Blood Facts

  5. Blood Grouping • Blood groups are determined by antigens on the surface of RBC. • Antigens are molecules • Antibodies will bind to the antigens resulting in agglutination or hemolysis or RBC. • Agglutination – clumping of RBC • Hemolysis – rupture of RBC

  6. ABO Blood Group • Blood is categorized by the ABO Blood group system • ABO antigens appear on the surface of RBC

  7. Blood Types • Type A Blood – A antigen • Type B Blood – B antigen • Type AB Blood – A and B antigen • Type O Blood – does not have A or B

  8. Population Distribution • Type A – 41% • Type B – 10% • Type AB – 4% • Type O – 45% • Rh+ - 85% • Rh- - 15%

  9. Blood Types • Type A Blood – B antibodies • Type B Blood – A antibodies • Type AB Blood – does not have A or B • Type O Blood – has A and B • Mismatching Blood groups can result in transfusion reaction. Determine blood type video

  10. Blood Typing Video

  11. Rh Blood Group • Another blood group that was first studied in the Rhesus monkey. • Rh+ - Rh antigens on RBC • Rh- - Rh antigens are not present • Can cause a problem in pregnancy if mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+ • Mother will make antibodies against the baby • Prevention – mother gets shot of Rho immune globulin

  12. Erythrocytes • Disc shaped • Live ~ 120 days in males and 110 days in females • Transport oxygen and remove CO2 • Contain hemoglobin – pigment – red color

  13. Erythrocytes • Hemoglobin bound to oxygen is bright red in color • Hemoglobin that is without oxygen is darker red • ~2/3 of body’s iron is found in hemoglobin • No nucleus

  14. ~2.5 million RBC are destroyed every second New RBC are produced as quickly as they are destroyed Hematopoiesis – process of blood cell production Low blood oxygen level will cause RBC production Blood cells are formed in red marrow in bones Jaundice – a build up of bilirubin in circulation causing a yellow skin color History of RBC

  15. Types of Bone Marrow • Red Marrow – found in spongy bone and forms WBC, RBC, and platelets • Yellow Marrow – composed of fat and is not capable of blood cell formation • After age 20, blood formation occurs in humerus, femur, cranium, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae

  16. Leukocytes • White blood cells • Spherical shape • Whitish color because they lack hemoglobin • Large than RBC • Have a nucleus • Protects against microorganisms • If person’s WBC count is high - infection

  17. Granulocytes – contain large cytoplasmic granules Agranulocytes – contain small granules 2 Major Types of Leukocytes

  18. Neutrophils – most common type Remains is blood ~ 10 – 12 hours Dead cell debris forms pus at site of infection Eosinophils – release chemicals that reduce inflammation Basophils – help regulate inflammatory response Release histamine = promotes inflammation Release heparin – prevents clots 3 Kinds of Granulocytes

  19. Lymphocytes – smallest Plays important role in body’s immune system Produces antibodies Monocytes – largest After they leave the blood and into the tissue – they become macrophages Macrophages – destroy bacteria, dead cells, and other debris 2 Types of Agranulocytes

  20. Platelets • Thrombocytes – minute fragments of cells • Produced in red marrow • Prevent blood loss by causing blood clotting

  21. Blood vessels constrict in response to injury, resulting in decreased blood flow. A platelet plug is produced to seal off the wound Serotonin is released to cause the blood vessels to constrict. Blood clot – thrombus Embolus – detached clot A heart attack can occur from blockage of blood vessels that supply blood to heart Streptokinase and aspirin can be given to break down the clot Preventing Blood Loss

  22. Transfusions • Transfusion – transfer of blood • Donor – person who gives blood • Recipient – person who receives blood • Universal Donor – Type O Blood • Universal Recipient – Type AB Blood

  23. Complete Blood Count • CBC – complete blood count • Analysis of RBC, hemoglobin, and WBC • RBC – male – 4.6 to 6.2 million/mm3 • Female – 4.2 to 5.4 million/mm3 • WBC – 5000 – 9000/mm3

  24. Hemoglobin Measurement • Determined amount of hemoglobin in a given volume of blood • Male – 14 to 18 grams/100mL • Female – 12 to 16 grams/100mL • Low hemoglobin – anemia – low RBC

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