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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Tissues. Tissues. TISSUES : Organization or communities of similar cells often embedded in nonliving intracellular material called matrix. Histology - The study of tissues. Types of Tissue. Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous. Appear within 2 months of fetal development.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Tissues

  2. Tissues • TISSUES: Organization or communities of similar cells often embedded in nonliving intracellular material called matrix. • Histology - The study of tissues

  3. Types of Tissue • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous Appear within 2 months of fetal development.

  4. Epithelial Tissue • Epithelial - lack blood vessels (avascular), therefore they receive oxygen through diffusion. • Function: • Protection - skin, mouth, stomach, etc. • Sensory - skin, nose, ears • Secretion - hormones, mucus, digestive juices • Absorption - respiration, gut • Excretion - urine from kidneys

  5. Structure of Epithelial Tissue • Cells are tightly packed, little intracellular material. • Always contains one free surface and one surface attached to a basement membrane = connective tissue. • Membranous - thin tissue layer • Squamous - flat, platelike: blood vessels, alveoli • Columnar - narrow, cylindrical: uterine lining • Cuboidal - cubed shaped: glands • Simple - one layer of cells • Stratified - multiple layers of cells • Pseudostratified columnar - single layer of cylinders of different heights

  6. Simple Squamous • Squamous – flat, platelike: blood vessels, alveoli

  7. Simple Columnar • Columnar – narrow, cylindrical: uterine lining

  8. Simple Cuboidal • Cuboidal – cubed shaped: glands

  9. Stratified Squamous • Stratified – multiple layers of cells

  10. Pseudostratified Columnar • Pseudostratified Columnar – single layer of cylinders at different heights

  11. Structure of Epithelial Tissue Continued • Glandular -specialized for secretion - function singularly or in clusters - exocrine – discharges secretions into ducts that open onto surfaces like the skin and digestive tract (ex. tearducts) - endocrine – discharges secretions into blood or tissue fluid. ex. Thyroid, pituitary

  12. Classified according to the way they secrete their products. Types of exocrine glands: a. Merocrine – releases fluid by exocytosis i. Serous cells in the linings of the body cavity ii. Mucus cells in the linings of the digestive and respiratory systems. Ex. Salivary glands, sweat glands, Pancreatic glands.

  13. b. Apocrine – Lose small portions of their glandular cell bodies.Ex. Mammary glands.

  14. Holocrine – entire cell released with fluid • Ex. Sebaceous glands in skin

  15. Transitional Epithelium: Note scalloped edges of cells on free surface! • Specialized to change • in response to increased • tension. (Expandable) • Found in inner • lining of urinary bladder • and lines the ureters • and part of the urethra.

  16. Transitional epithelium changes its appearance with stretching.  The epithelium on the left is relaxed and the cells appear stacked.    On the right, the epithelium is stretched,the epithelial cells flatten and the overall epithelium becomes thinner. http://www.nku.edu/~dempseyd/URINARY_1.htm

  17. A. Simple 1. Simple squamous

  18. 2. Simple cuboidal Basement membrane

  19. 3. a. Simple columnar b. Microvilli c. Cilia - Ciliated columnar

  20. 4a. Glandular

  21. 4 b, c, Pseudostratified

  22. B. Stratified 5 a. Stratified squamous

  23. 6. Stratified cubodial

  24. 7a and b: Transitional

  25. Connective Tissue • Function • Attachment • muscle to muscle • muscle to bone • Support - organs and body as a whole. • produce blood cells • store fat • serve as framework • Defense mechanism - fight against infection and repair tissue damage.

  26. Connective Tissue • Structure • Cells far apart • Have matrix (intercellular material-fluids, fibers, etc…) between cells. • Types • Adipose • Cartilage • Bone • Blood

  27. Types of Connective Tissue • Adipose – fat cells • Protective covering around organs • Insulation • Distribution is different in males and females • Stores energy

  28. Types of Connective Tissue Continued • Cartilage – dense fibrous • shock absorbers • heals very slowly (no direct blood supply) • Types • Hyaline – most common, found on the ends of bone. b. Elastic – more elastic, found on ears • Fibrocartilage – tough tissue, pads between disks in vertebrae.

  29. Types of Connective Tissue Continued Elastic Hyaline Fibrocartilage

  30. Types of Connective Tissue Continued • Bone • Specialized to form blood • Allows attachment for muscle

  31. Types of Connective Tissue Continued • Blood – liquid state • Oxygen movement • Red (transports gases), white (fight infection), and platelet cells (blood clotting) • Plasma = fluid portion • Defense against bacteria • Ischemia = decrease oxygen supply to organs

  32. Muscle Tissue • Function • Movement through contraction • Types • Skeletal • Smooth • Cardiac

  33. Muscle Tissue Continued • Skeletal • Striated and voluntary • Muscles attached to bone • Controllable

  34. Muscle Tissue Continued • Smooth • Involuntary • Found in the walls of hollow internal organs

  35. Muscle Tissue Continued • Cardiac • Striated and involuntary • Only found in the heart

  36. Nervous • Function • Regulate and integrate communication • Types • Neurons • Neuroglia

  37. Nervous Continued • Neurons – send and receive messages • Neuroglia – connect and support neurons

  38. Nervous Continued • Structure • Soma – body of neuron • Axon – carries impulses away from neuron • Dendrite – carries impulses to neuron

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