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Cell Division

Cell Division. SOL: BIO 6 a-c. SOL: BIO 6 a-c. The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Key concepts include: a) cell growth and division; b) gamete formation; and c) cell specialization. Cell Division. 7 week old embryo.

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Cell Division

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  1. Cell Division SOL: BIO 6 a-c

  2. SOL: BIO 6 a-c • The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. • Key concepts include: • a) cell growth and division; • b) gamete formation; and • c) cell specialization.

  3. Cell Division 7 week old embryo • Some cells divide constantly: cells in the embryo, skin cells, gut lining cells, etc. Intestinal Cell Epithelial Cell

  4. Cell Division • Other cells divide rarely or never. Spinal Cord Cell- Nerve cell Cardiac Cell (Heart Muscle) Brain Cell – Nerve cell

  5. Cell Division Vocabulary • somatic cell – a body cell; a cell whose genes will not be passed on to future generations. • sex or germ cell - a cell that is destined to become a gamete (egg or sperm); a cell whose genes can be passed on to future generations.

  6. Cell Division Vocabulary • diploid (2N) – a cell with 2 chromosome sets in each of its cells; all body (somatic) cells • haploid (N) – a cell with 1 chromosome set in each of its cells; all gametes (sperm, eggs)

  7. Cell Division Pancreatic cells • 2 kinds of cell division: • 1. Mitosis: division of somatic cells • 2. Meiosis: creation of new sex cells Sperm cells Human egg cell

  8. Cell Cycle • A typical cell goes through a process of growth, development, and reproduction called the cell cycle. • Most of the cycle is called interphase. INTERPHASE

  9. Cell Cycle • The longest phase in the cell cycle is interphase. • The 3 stages of interphase are called G1, S, and G2.

  10. Cell Cycle • Cells spend most of their time in G1: it is the time when the cell grows and performs its normal function. • Control of cell division occurs in G1: a cell that isn’t destined to divide goes into G0.

  11. Cell Cycle • The S phase (“Synthesis”) is the time when the DNA is replicated. Parent strands Daughter strands

  12. Cell Cycle • G2 is the period between S and mitosis. • DNA replication is checked and the cell is getting ready to divide.

  13. Cell Division • All living cells come from other living cells. • During mitosis, the nucleus of the cell divides, forming two nuclei with identical genetic information.

  14. Mitosis • Mitosis produces two genetically identical cells. • Mitosis is referred to in the following stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

  15. Prophase • In prophase, the cell begins the process of division. • The chromosomes condense.

  16. duplicated chromosome chromatin

  17. Prophase • Nuclear envelope disappears.

  18. Prophase • Centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell. • Asters and spindle fibers form. Aster and the mitotic apparatus in an animal cell

  19. Draw Prophase

  20. Prophase 2 3 1 4 5

  21. Prophase 2 3 Centriole 4 5

  22. Prophase Spindle fibers 3 Centriole 4 5

  23. Prophase Spindle fibers Aster Centriole 4 5

  24. Prophase Spindle fibers Aster Centriole Sister chromatids 5

  25. Prophase Spindle fibers Aster Centriole Sister chromatids Centromere

  26. Metaphase • The chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell (metaphase plate), with the centrioles at opposite ends and the spindle fibers attached to the centromeres. Centriole Spindle fibers Metaphase plate Centriole

  27. Draw Metaphase

  28. Anaphase • In anaphase, the centromeres divide. • At this point, each chromosome goes from having 2 sister chromatids to being 2 separate chromosomes

  29. Anaphase • The spindle fibers contract and the chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles.

  30. Draw Anaphase

  31. Telophase • In telophase the cell actually divides. • The chromosomes are at the poles of the cell. • The nuclear envelope re-forms around the two sets of chromosomes.

  32. Draw Telophase

  33. Cytokinesis • The division of the cytoplasm. • In animal cells, a Cleavage Furrow forms and separates Daughter Cells Cleavage furrow in a dividing frog cell.

  34. Cytokinesis • In plant cells, a Cell Plate forms and separates Daughter Cells. Cell Plate forming

  35. ANIMAL CELL Centriole and aster present Daughter cells separated by cleavage furrow PLANT CELL No visible centriole or aster Daughter cells separated by cell plate ANIMAL VS. PLANT MITOSIS

  36. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? 1 2 3 4 5

  37. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? Prophase 2 3 4 5

  38. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? Prophase Metaphase 3 4 5

  39. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? Prophase Metaphase Anaphase 4 5

  40. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 5

  41. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

  42. Phases of mitosis - IPMATC Interphase Cytokinesis

  43. Phases of mitosis - IPMATC Important People Must Analyze Tasks Correctly Impatient People May Attack Teachers Constantly

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