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Theories of Emotions

Theories of Emotions. Module 41. Emotions. Response that involves Bodily arousal Expressive behaviors Conscious experience. James-Lange Theory. William James Emotional experience occurs after the bodily change and as a result of it Event  Arousal  Emotion. Experiment….

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Theories of Emotions

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  1. Theories of Emotions Module 41

  2. Emotions • Response that involves • Bodily arousal • Expressive behaviors • Conscious experience

  3. James-Lange Theory • William James • Emotional experience occurs after the bodily change and as a result of it • Event  Arousal Emotion

  4. Experiment… • Number somewhere on a piece of paper 1 – 10 • You will be given instructions about how to hold your pen. • You will view and rate how funny 10 cartoons are that you will be viewing. • 1 = not funny at all • 7 = extremely funny • You will calculate the mean of your scores. • Here we go…

  5. Cartoon 1

  6. Cartoon #2

  7. Cartoon #3

  8. Cartoon #4

  9. Cartoon #5

  10. Cartoon #6

  11. Cartoon #7

  12. Slide #8

  13. Cartoon #9

  14. Cartoon #10

  15. James Lange Theory • Supported by • Facial feedback hypothesis • Activity of the facial muscles that create expressions determines the emotions we experience

  16. Cannon-Bard Theory • Bodily reactions do not cause emotional responses • Bodily reactions and emotional responses occur at the same time • Thalamus routes the information • Event  Thalamus  Emotions  Arousal

  17. Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory • Adds a cognitive aspect • Two factors to emotions • Factor one: arousal or bodily reaction • Factor two: cognitive interpretation of this reaction • EventArousalCognitive LabelEmotion

  18. Cognitive Appraisal Theory • Richard Lazarus • Cognition must happen before the subjective experience of the emotion • Our emotional experience depends on our interpretation of the situation we are in

  19. Opponent-Process Theory • All emotions are followed by an opposite emotional reaction fear is followed by relief sadness by happiness • On repeated occasions, the opponent emotion becomes stronger • Factor in drug addiction • Crash Course

  20. Primary Emotions • Universally recognized across cultures • Fear • Anger • Joy • Sadness • Disgust • Contempt • Surprise • Some theorists include • Shame, shyness, and guilt

  21. Emotional Expression • Provides a visible sign of the internal feelings an individual is experiencing • Voice • Posture • Gestures • Facial expressions

  22. Paul Ekman • Studies emotions and expressions • Cross culturally same specific facial expressions for various emotions • Microexpressions • Used to detect lies • Microexpressions video

  23. Display Rules • Culturally accepted learned guidelines for when and how emotions can be expressed in particular social situations • Ex. Kissing a cheek as a greeting

  24. Stress Module 43 and 44

  25. Stress • Both physical and psychological reactions to stressors • We appraise them as threatening or challenging • How Stress Affects the Brain

  26. Stressors • Three types: • Catastrophes • Significant life changes • Daily hassles

  27. Two Types of Stress • Hans Selye • Eustress • Positive stress • Accepting challenges – pursuing goals • Distress • Negative stress • High levels of tension • Negative side effects

  28. Response to Stress -Hans Selye • General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) • Stage 1 – Alarm • Increase activity of sympathetic nervous system • Stage 2 – Resistance • Increase physical reactions • Stage 3 – Exhaustion • Body’s internal resources depleted • Immune system is decreased

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