PRACTICAL COMMON LISP

1. PRACTICAL COMMON LISP Peter Seibel http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/

2. OUTLINE • CHAPTER 1 Introduction: Why Lisp? • CHAPTER 2 Lather, Rinse, Repeat: A Tour of the REPL • CHAPTER 3 Practical: A Simple Database • CHAPTER 4 Syntax and Semantics • CHAPTER 5 Functions • CHAPTER 6 Variables • CHAPTER 7 Macros: Standard Control Constructs • CHAPTER 8 Macros: Defining Your Own • CHAPTER 9 Practical: Building a Unit Test Framework • CHAPTER 10 Numbers, Characters, and Strings • CHAPTER 11 Collections • CHAPTER 12 They Called It LISP for a Reason: List Processing • CHAPTER 13 Beyond Lists: Other Uses for Cons Cells • CHAPTER 14 Files and File I/O • CHAPTER 15 Practical: A Portable Pathname Library • CHAPTER 16 Object Reorientation: Generic Functions • CHAPTER 17 Object Reorientation: Classes • CHAPTER 18 A Few FORMAT Recipes

3. OUTLINE • CHAPTER 19 Beyond Exception Handling: Conditions and • CHAPTER 20 The Special Operators • CHAPTER 21 Programming in the Large: Packages and Symbols • CHAPTER 22 LOOP for Black Belts • CHAPTER 23 Practical: A Spam Filter • CHAPTER 24 Practical: Parsing Binary Files • CHAPTER 25 Practical: An ID3 Parser • CHAPTER 26 Practical: Web Programming with AllegroServe • CHAPTER 27 Practical: An MP3 Database • CHAPTER 28 Practical: A Shoutcast Server • CHAPTER 29 Practical: An MP3 Browser • CHAPTER 30 Practical: An HTML Generation Library, the Interpreter • CHAPTER 31 Practical: An HTML Generation Library, the Compiler • CHAPTER 32 Conclusion: What's Next? • INDEX

4. GNU CLISP • Common Lisp is a high-level, general-purpose, object-oriented, dynamic, functional programming language. • CLISP is a Common Lisp implementation by Bruno Haible, then of Karlsruhe University, and Michael Stoll, then of Munich University, both in Germany. • CLISP implements the language described in the ANSI Common Lisp standard with many extensions. • http://clisp.sourceforge.net/ • http://www.clisp.org/

5. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: WHY LISP

6. WHY LISP? • Common Lisp is the programmable programming language. • Common Lisp follows the philosophy that what's good for the language's designer is good for the language's users. • A Common Lisp program tends to provide a much clearer mapping between your ideas about how the program works and the code you actually write. • You will develop code more quickly. • There's less code to write. • You do not waste time thrashing around trying to find a clean way to express yourself within the limitations of the language. • Common Lisp is an excellent language for exploratory(探究) programming. • Common Lisp provides several features to help you develop your code incrementally and interactively.

7. WHERE IT BEGAN? • LISP: LISt Processing • Common Lisp is the modern descendant of the Lisp language first conceived by John McCarthy in 1956. • Who this book is for ? • This book is for you if you're curious about Common Lisp. • After you finish this book, • you'll be familiar with all the most important features of the language and how they fit together, • you'll have used Common Lisp to write several nontrivial programs, and • you'll be well prepared to continue exploring the language on your own. • While everyone's road to Lisp is different, I hope this book will help smooth the way for you.

8. CHAPTER 2 LATHER, RINSE, REPEAT: A TOUR OF THE REPL

9. INSTALL COMMON LISP • Download GNU Clisp and install it • http://clisp.sourceforge.net/ Our official distribution sites http/SF (sources and win32) • Experimenting in the REPL • REPL: read-eval-print loop CL-USER> • This is the Lisp prompt (提示符號). • Lisp reads Lisp expressions, evaluates them according to the rules of Lisp, and prints the result. • Then it does it again with the next expression you type. • That endless cycle of reading, evaluating, and printing is why it's called the read-eval-print loop (REPL).

10. EXPERIMENTING IN THE REPL

11. “HELLO, WORLD,” LISP STYLE • CL-USER> "hello, world" "hello, world" • Lisp reads the double-quoted string and instantiates a string object in memory that, when evaluated, evaluates to itself and is then printed in the same literal syntax. • CL-USER> (format t "hello, world") hello, world NIL • The FORMAT function takes a variable number of arguments, but the only two required arguments are the place to send the output and a string. • The first argument to FORMAT should be the symbol T when we want to write to the display. • The second argument must be a string, called the format control string. http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/a-few-format-recipes.html

12. “HELLO, WORLD,” LISP STYLE • Examples: • CL-USER>(write-line "hello, world") • CL-USER>(print "hello, world") • CL-USER> (defun hello-world () (format t "hello, world")) HELLO-WORLD • DEFUN is a special kind of function, called a macro function. • DEFUN is used to define other functions. • The first input to DEFUN is the name of the function being defined. • The second input is the argument list: It specifies the names the function will use to refer to its arguments. • The remaining inputs to DEFUN define the body of the function: what goes on ''inside the box.''

13. “HELLO, WORLD,” LISP STYLE • CL-USER> (hello-world) hello, world NIL • Examples: • CL-USER>(defun average (x y) (/ (+ x y) 2.0)) • CL-USER>(average 4 6) • CL-USER>(defun square (n) (* n n)) • CL-USER>(square 6)

14. SAVING YOUR WORK • If you exit Lisp and restart, the function definition will be gone. • Having written such a fine function, you'll want to save your work. • Loading a text file: • CL-USER>(load "C:/CLISP/filename.lisp") • The output T means everything loaded correctly. • CL-USER>(load (compile-file "ch1.lisp") • A way to load a file's worth of definitions is to compile the file first with COMPILE-FILE and then LOAD the resulting compiled file, called a FASL file. ;; Compiling file C:\CLISP\ch1.lisp ... ;; Wrote file C:\CLISP\ch1.fas 0 errors, 0 warnings ;; Loading file C:\CLISP\ch1.fas ... ;; Loaded file C:\CLISP\ch1.fas T • CL-USER>(exit) ;;close the CLISP