Earth’s Spheres & Branches of Earth Science

1. Earth’s Spheres & Branches of Earth Science Module E Intro Unit 1 Lesson 1 Pages 4-7

2. I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems. What is a System? • Systems • a group of interacting parts that work to together to do a job or to form a whole. • Open Systems • Closed Systems

3. I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems. What is a System? • Systems • Open System • Matter and energy can flow into and out of the system. • Uncovered pan of boiling water. • Vegetable Garden • Natural Environment

4. I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems. What is a System? • Systems • Closed System • Matter cannot enter or leave, energy can. • Covered pan of boiling water. • Terrarium • Greenhouse

5. I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems. Open or Closed Systems? A B D C

6. I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. What is the Earth’s System? • Earth System • A complex system made up of: • Matter • Living Things • Nonliving things. • Energy • Processes within Earth’s • Matter and energy continuously cycled through the smaller systems that make up Earth’s spheres.

7. I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth. What is the Earth’s Geosphere? • Geosphere • Mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth. • Divided into 3 Layers 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core a. Inner Core b. Outer Core

8. I will be able to define and describe the four main spheres that make up the Earth. What is the Earth’s Hydrosphere? • Hydrosphere • Part of the Earth that is liquid water. • Always moving, through all spheres. • 71% of Earth’s surface is the ocean. • Lakes • Rivers • Marshes • Rain • Underground water • Droplets in clouds.

9. I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth. What is the Earth’s Cryosphere? • Cryosphere • Made up of all frozen water on Earth. • Ice • Sea Ice • Glaciers • Ice Shelves • Ice Bergs • Snow

10. I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth. What is the Earth’s Atmosphere? • Atmosphere • Mostly made of invisible gases that surround the Earth. • Contains the air we breathe. • Composition • 71% Nitrogen • 23% Oxygen • 1% Trace Gases. • Traps Heat Energy from the sun. • Greenhouse effect, keeps the planet warm. 1% 21% 78%

11. I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth. What is the Earth’s Biosphere? • Biosphere • Made up of living things and their habitats. • Must Have: • Oxygen • Carbon Dioxide • Liquid Water • Moderate Temperatures • Source of Energy • Sun • Plants and Algae (photosynthesis)

12. I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. How Do Earth’s Spheres Interact? • Matter and Energy • 1. By exchange of matter. • Water Cycle • Water evaporates into the atmosphere. • Water condenses forming clouds. • Nitrogen Cycle • Bacteria release nitrogen into the soil from the atmosphere. • Plants use nitrogen to grow.

13. I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. How Do Earth’s Spheres Interact? 2. By exchange of energy • Moves back and forth between spheres. • Plants use solar energy to make food. • Animals eat plants for energy. • Solar Energy • Drives winds and Weather

14. I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. What is the Source of Earth’s Energy? • Earth’s Energy • Most comes from the Sun. • A tiny fraction • Ocean Tides • Geothermal • Lava & Magma • Moves or Changes form • Not created or destroyed. • Transferred between spheres

15. I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. What is the Source of Earth’s Energy? • Energy Budget • A way to keep track of energy transfers into and out of Earth’s system. • Unbalanced budget • Can increase or decrease Earth’s temperatures.

16. I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. What can disturb Earth’s Energy Budget? • Disturbed Energy Budget • 1. Increasing Greenhouse gases. • 2. Melting Polar Ice Caps

17. I will be able to define matter and describe the properties of matter. What are the Branches of Earth Science? • 5 Branches Oceanography Environmental Geology Meteorology Astronomy

18. I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science. What are the Branches of Earth Science? • Astronomy • The study of the universe beyond Earth. • Astronomers study: • Stars • Planets • Galaxies • History of the Universe.

19. I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science. What are the Branches of Earth Science? • Environmental Science • The study of Earth’s environment and resources and the effect of human activities • Environmentalists or ecologist study problems like: • Pollution • Global Warming

20. I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science. What are the Branches of Earth Science? • Geology • The study the solid Earth. • Geologists study the forces that shape Earth.

21. I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science. What are the Branches of Earth Science? • Meteorology • The study of Earth’s atmosphere. • Meteorologists gather information about conditions in the atmosphere from around the world. • Forecast weather.

22. I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science. What are the Branches of Earth Science? • Oceanography • The study of Earth’s oceans. • Oceanographers study: • Chemistry of the ocean. • Shape of the ocean floor. • Organisms living in them.