Key Concept 5.1.4 Developments in transportation and communication 1750s - 1900s

1. Key Concept 5.1.4 Developments in transportation and communication 1750s - 1900s by: Reyna, Sabrina, Stephanie, Jonathan,Ethen

2. Railroads (Stephanie) • Railroads were first invented in Great Britain by George Stephenson by applying the steam technology. Examples: • In Brazil railroads were built to help transport the rubber from the interior of the Amazon to the coasts • In the United States the First Continental Railroad was developed to help connect to the Pacific coast with the existing railroads in the east. (1863-1869) • The Trans-Siberian Railway connecting Moscow and the Sea of Japan. It is the longest railroad in the world. The use of theses railroads made it revolutionary because people were able to travel longer distance faster and made the cost of food and other things cheaper.

3. CanalsEthan F. • Even though canals have been created many years ago, the first real canal was used and reintroduced during Industrial Revolution ( 1750’s - 1900) England. • The United Kingdom was the first country to use a nationwide canal network . • The British Canal System transited many materials and products to the networks of water connected to many regions. • The Acts of Parliament, opened the first true English canal named the Sankey Canal. This canal ran along the Sanky Brook valley to the north east of St. Helens. This canal transported coal from the Lancashire Coalfield to the chemical industries in Liverpool . • However, the Bridgewater Canal impacted the Industrial Revolution the most, transporting coal from Worsley to Runcorn. Boats on this canal were horse- drawn and provided the horse to walk on. • This canal could carry 30 tons at a time with one horse pulling it, and the Bridgewater canal reduced the price of coal in Manchester by nearly two-thirds within just a year of its opening.

4. Telegraphs (Sabrina & Reyna) 1. When was this technology invented and, if possible, who invented it? In 1794, the 1st non-electrical telegraph was invented by Claude Chappe. Though the invention was utilized throughout the 1800’s as the beginning of the formation of the telegraph, extending out in the world. 2. Example:In 1830, Joseph Henry, sends an electric current over one mile of wire to activate an electromagnet which caused a bell to strike. In 1828, the first telegraph in the USA was invented by Harrison Dyar who sent electrical sparks through chemically treated paper tape to burn dots and dashes. In 1881, the Postal Telegraph System entered the field for economic reasons, and merged with Western Union in 1943. 3. What made this technology so revolutionary? In other words, how did it contribute to this unit’s theme of increasing globalization? The technology became revolutionary because its objective is to help communication throughout the world. The ability to send and receive messages. Numerous of scientists help contributed to the invention of the “telegraph.” Finally, Samuel Morse had reinvented the telegraph and conducted a new way of communication Morse Code. The Morse code is the transmitting and receiving of messages with on-off tones, that is suppose to represent as the alphabet.

5. Steam Boats (Johnny) 1. John Fitch (1743-1798) made the first successful trial of a forty-five-foot steamboat on the Delaware River on August 22, 1787. 2. Steamboats were used as cruise ships and transport ships in america not usually for war. america had a problem in where they could not travel upstream but only in the direction the river flows, steamboats solved this problem by helping bring supplies and people upstream very quick. 3. steamboats were revolutionary because it solved the problem of faster and easier transport for people and supplies to colonize further into america.