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How to name and write formulas for Acids & Bases

How to name and write formulas for Acids & Bases. A short look at bases and acids (binary & polyatomic) that follow Arrhenius’ definition. A few examples: HF – Hydrofluoric Acid HCl – Hydrochloric Acid H 2 S – Hydrosulfuric acid. Binary Acids.

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How to name and write formulas for Acids & Bases

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  1. How to name and write formulas for Acids & Bases A short look at bases and acids (binary & polyatomic) that follow Arrhenius’ definition

  2. A few examples: • HF – Hydrofluoric Acid • HCl – Hydrochloric Acid • H2S – Hydrosulfuric acid Binary Acids For now we will stick with Arrhenius’ theory of acids and say: Acids always take the form: HX You can easily identify an acid because its formula will begin with an H ion Binary acid names always take the form: hydro____ic Acid (Fill in the blank with the shortened name for the anion)

  3. HC2H3O2 anion = Acet ate Acet ic Acid • HClO3 – anion = Chlor ate Chlor icAcid • H2SO3 - anion = Sulf ite Sulf ousAcid • H3PO4 – anion = Phosph ate Phosphor ic Acid Polyatomic Acids Polyatomic Acids always take the form: HXYZ Polyatomic acid names always take one of two forms: If the anion ended in “ate” or “ide” ____ic Acid If the anion ended in “ite” ____ous Acid (Fill in the blank with the shortened name for the anion)

  4. A few examples: • NaOH – Sodium hydroxide • Mg(OH)2 – Magnesium hydroxide • Fe(OH)3 – Iron (III) hydroxide • NH4OH - Ammonium hydroxide Bases For now we will stick with Arrhenius’ theory of bases and say: Bases always take the form XOH You can easily identify an acid because its formula will end with an OH ion OH 1- = Hydroxide ion Bases are always named as you would name any other ionic compound

  5. Try a few on your own… • Name the following acids: • H2C2O4 • HNO3 • H2SO3 • HBr • Write formulas for these acids • Hydroiodic acid • Nitrous acid • Chromic acid

  6. Try a few on your own… • Name the following acids: • H2C2O4 (anion = oxalate) Oxalic acid • HNO3 (anion = nitrate) Nitric acid • H2SO3 (anion = sulfite) Sulfurous acid • HBr (anion = bromide) Hydrobromic acid • Write formulas for these acids • Hydroiodic acid (hydro in the name means binary acid!)HI • Nitrous acid (ous in the name means anion was an -ite) HNO2 • Chromic acid (ic in the name means anion was an -ate) H2CrO4

  7. Is water an acid or a base? Depending on the situation, water’s formula may be written in one of two ways… If we write water as H2O If we write water as HOH What does this formula tell you about water? Is it an acid or a base? How would you name it in this form? What does this formula tell you about water? Is it an acid or a base? How would you name it in this form?

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