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Pneumatic Components & Systems

Pneumatic Components & Systems. Team 1640 Clem McKown – mentor November 2008. Topics. What are pneumatics? What are pneumatics good for? How pneumatics work The pneumatic system Variations on the theme. What are pneumatics.

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Pneumatic Components & Systems

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  1. Pneumatic Components & Systems Team 1640 Clem McKown – mentor November 2008

  2. Topics • What are pneumatics? • What are pneumatics good for? • How pneumatics work • The pneumatic system • Variations on the theme

  3. What are pneumatics • Mechanisms which use air pressure to apply mechanical force and displacement (work) • The pneumatic devices we use are basically binary actuators – either retracted or extended Retracted Cylinder Extended Cylinder

  4. What are pneumatics good for? • Mechanisms requiring (2) discrete states • Gear shifters • Gripper articulation • Lifters • Brakes • …and a significant force or displacement

  5. Strengths

  6. Strengths • Simple

  7. Strengths • Simple • Easy to control

  8. Strengths • Simple • Easy to control • Can apply a lot of force from a small, light package

  9. Strengths • Simple • Easy to control • Can apply a lot of force from a small, light package • Force is limited by air pressure and cylinder diameter

  10. Strengths • Simple • Easy to control • Can apply a lot of force from a small, light package • Force is limited by air pressure and cylinder diameter • No adverse consequence if cylinder is stopped (no stalled motors) or reversed – compressed air is a spring

  11. Drawbacks

  12. Drawbacks • A significant weight “investment” (~10 lbm) in a pneumatic system is needed for the first pneumatic device

  13. Drawbacks • A significant weight “investment” (~10 lbm) in a pneumatic system is needed for the first pneumatic device • Cylinders can be subject to damage

  14. Drawbacks • A significant weight “investment” (~10 lbm) in a pneumatic system is needed for the first pneumatic device • Cylinders can be subject to damage • Repair impossible

  15. Drawbacks • A significant weight “investment” (~10 lbm) in a pneumatic system is needed for the first pneumatic device • Cylinders can be subject to damage • Repair impossible • Not well suited for non-binary actuation

  16. In Industry • Pneumatic actuators are extensively used by the Chemical Process Industry due to their intrinsic safety and their ability to fail safe (w/ spring return) 2-position pneumatic actuator driving a 4-way ball valve pneumatically driven flow control valves (butterfly type)

  17. How it works ⅛” NPTF Air Port (Retraction) • Typically, • pressure • is applied • to one port • while the • other is • vented to • atmosphere • so DP is • regulated • gauge • pressure • (60 psi max) Seals Rod Piston Cylinder Force = Area (in2) x D Pressure (lbf/in2) Extension Area = Cylinder CS Area Subtract Rod CS Area for Retraction ⅛” NPTF Air Port (Extension)

  18. More works • We may specify • Cylinder Diameter – sets Force @ a pressure • Stroke Length • Mounting Options • Rod Material • Rod Extensions • Spring Return • …. Stroke Length

  19. Cylinder Specs (Bimba DXP/DX/DP)

  20. The pneumatic system I(the investment) Users Pressure Regulator Pressure Gauge Pressure Gauge Pressure Vent Valve High Pressure Low Pressure High-Pressure Air Storage High-Pressure Air Storage Pressure Safety Valve Pressure Switch Motor Controller Spike Compressor

  21. A A B B V V P P V V The pneumatic system II(the solenoid valve) Supply/Vent Side Output Side All ports ⅛” NPTF Port B Vent A State B State A Air Supply (Pressure) Port A Vent B

  22. The pneumatic system III(device control) State A – Extends rod State B – Retracts rod ¼” flexible tubing Air Pressure A restrictor valve in Vent B slows extension speed without affecting retraction speed Controller Spike

  23. The pneumatic system III(device control) If you are using pairs of cylinders which are activated together, they can be driven by common solenoids State A – Extends rod State B – Retracts rod ¼” flexible tubing Air Pressure A restrictor valve in Vent B slows extension speed without affecting retraction speed Controller Spike

  24. Plumbing – Tubing Fittings Male Elbow - SMC KQL07-34S Male Connector - SMC KQH07-34S Tee - SMC KQT07-00 Restrictor Elbow - SMC NAS2201F-N01-07S

  25. Something outside the box In 2006 Team 386 created high vacuum with cylinders

  26. Team 386 (2006) a better vacuum Team 386 used suction to lift ringers, but was underwhelmed by the vacuum developed by venturi

  27. Team 386 (2006) a better vacuum Team 386 used suction to lift ringers, but was underwhelmed by the vacuum developed by venturi Retracting the smaller cylinder

  28. Team 386 (2006) a better vacuum Generates a high vacuum on the larger cylinder Retracting the smaller cylinder

  29. Team 386 (2006) a better vacuum Separate cylinder sets were used for each suction cup, providing redundancy Generates a high vacuum on the larger cylinder Retracting the smaller cylinder

  30. Team 386 (2006) a better vacuum Separate cylinder sets were used for each suction cup, providing redundancy Extending the small cylinders released the vacuum and dropped the ringer Breaks the vacuum Extending the smaller cylinder

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