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Mitosis

Mitosis. Cell Reproduction. Mitosis. Definition: Cell Division that produces two cells that are identical to each other and to the parent cell. This produces body cells so the organism can grow or replace dead/damaged cells. “C” Words:.

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Mitosis

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  1. Mitosis Cell Reproduction

  2. Mitosis • Definition: Cell Division that produces two cells that are identical to each other and to the parent cell. • This produces body cells so the organism can grow or replace dead/damaged cells.

  3. “C” Words: • Chromatin-Strands of DNA in a cell that is not dividing—unwound and indistinct. • Chromosomes-Strands of DNA in a cell that is dividing—wound up and distinct. Chromatin is unwound and indistinct in the nucleus of the cell.

  4. More “C” Words: • Chromatids—one of 2 identical strands of DNA in a chromosome (called sister chromatids) • Centromere—the structure that holds together the 2 sister chromatids. Histones-protein “beads” that keep the strand of DNA from tangling up.

  5. Chromosome Structure • When cells begin to divide, the first thing that happens is that the chromatin in the nucleus begins to wind up, separating the strands from each other. Each chromosome consists of 2 identical strands of DNA (called sister chromatids) held together with a centromere.

  6. More “C” Words • Centrosome/Centriole-Structure found in animal cells that anchors the spindle fibers • Cytokinesis—the division of the cytoplasm following mitosis (the dividing of the nucleus)

  7. Cell Cycle

  8. Interphase DNA is in the form of chromatin here: Interphase A cell in Interphase is not actively dividing. It is working very hard, however—growth, replicating DNA and preparing to divide.

  9. Prophase Prophase Centrioles migrate to the poles. Nuclear Membrane disappears. Chromatin winds up to form chromosomes. Spindle forms.

  10. Metaphase Metaphase Metaphase Chromosomes move to the equator of the cell.

  11. Anaphase Chromosomes split in half at centromere. Each chromatid moves to opposite poles.

  12. Chromosome Structure At Anaphase Chromosomes prior to Anaphase ^ Centromere splits and chromatids go to opposite poles of cell

  13. Telophase Telophase Chromosomes unwind to form chromatin again. New nuclear membranes form. Spindle disappears

  14. Cytokinesis Cytokinesis in a Plant Cell: A cell plate forms between the 2 new nuclei—eventually dividing the cell into 2 cells. The cell plate becomes the new cell wall. Cytokinesis in an Animal Cell: A cleavage furrow forms, eventually pinching in the cell membrane to form 2 cells.

  15. Cytokinesis in Animal Cells (on left) and Plant Cells (on right)

  16. Summary of Mitosis

  17. Mitosis Animation • http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__mitosis_and_cytokinesis.html • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlN7K1-9QB0

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