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yeast cell

yeast cell. cell wall (protection) cell membrane (import + export, signaling) cytoplasm (energy production, growth) nucleus (heredity). material and energy. What is a cell?. A. D. Feeding + excreting. B. E. C. Y. signaling. Shape change. move. What cells can do?. DNA. DNA. DNA.

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yeast cell

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  1. yeast cell cell wall (protection) cell membrane (import + export, signaling) cytoplasm (energy production, growth) nucleus (heredity) material and energy What is a cell?

  2. A D Feeding + excreting B E C Y signaling Shape change move What cells can do?

  3. DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA replication RNA genetic code DNA protein + RNA DNA DNA Transcription The information flow in cells (central dogma) DNA

  4. xerox machine collating machine DNA cell division DNA replication chromosome segregation

  5. The central dogma gene transcript protein S P metabolism

  6. Beyond the central dogma genome transcriptome proteome networks S P metabolome

  7. G1 G2

  8. Cdk CycBM Cdk CycBS MPF SPF

  9. G1 G2 Cdk CycBM Cdk CycBS G2/M MPF exit SPF Start

  10. control box cell division DNA replication chromosome segregation

  11. reversible Tyrosine phosphorylation ubiquitin dependent proteolysis binding of a stoichiometric inhibitor

  12. cytoplasmic mass doubling time G1 G2 Cdk CycBM Cdk CycBS G2/M MPF exit SPF Start

  13. Balanced growth and division - - + + + viability cytoplasmic mass doubling time M M M G2 G2 S cycle time (min) G2 G2 M G1 S S G2 G1 G1 S S G1 G1 wee1- cki- cdc25 - WT cki– wee1-

  14. Balanced growth and division - - + + + viability M M M G2 G2 cell volume at division (fl) S cycle time (min) G2 G2 M G1 S S G2 G1 G1 S S G1 G1 WT wee1- cki- cki– wee1- cdc25 -

  15. pheromone - G1 G2 Cdk CycBM Cdk CycBS MPF SPF

  16. inhibitor - G1 G2 Cdk CycBM Cdk CycBS MPF SPF Start

  17. inhibitor G1 G2 Cdk CycBM Cdk CycBS - G2/M MPF SPF Start

  18. cell mass doubling time G1 G2 + + exit G2/M Cdk CycB Start

  19. inactive inactive APCM Wee1 P delay Exit Wee1 APCM P Cdk Cdk CycB Cdc25 P APCG1 Cdc25 G2/M inactive Cdk APCG1 inactive CKI CycB P CKI CKI AA Start CycB AA Cdk Cdk CycB inactive

  20. Parameters? ? fission yeast budding yeast

  21. Mutants in Fission Yeast gene viability trait cdc2-no block in G1 and G2 cdc13-no endoreplication rum1-yes sterile ste9-yes sterile wee1- yes small cells cdc25- no block in G2 cdc2opyes wt cdc13opyes wt rum1opno endoreplication ste9opno endoreplication wee1op yes large cells cdc25op yes small cells wee1- rum1 no extremely small wee1- cdc25 yes quantized cycles wee1- cdc25op no mitotic catastrophe

  22. period of oscillation period time tD CKI APCM mass (m) Cdk CycB APCG1 = cycle time = mass doubling time (tD) dm/dt =  m where  = ln2/tD CycB M G1 S/G2 M rate ~ mass time (min)

  23. period period time tD CKI APCG1 mass (m) Cdk CycB APCM Size control over the cell cycle mass dm/dt =  m where  = ln2/tD CycB M G1 S/G2 M rate ~ mass time (min)

  24. Inside view ?

  25. APCM Wee1 P Cdk/CycB delay Exit Wee1 APCM cell mass P Cdk/CycB Cdk Cdk CycB Cdc25 P APCG1 cell mass Cdc25 Cdk APCG1 CKI CycB Cdk/CycB P CKI CKI AA Start cell mass CycB AA Cdk Cdk CycB G2/M

  26. Bifurcation diagram of the cell cycle control network stable s.s. unstable s.s. min/max  M Cdk/CycB S/G2 G1 cell mass

  27. newborn cell dividingcell Cell cycle regulation on the bifurcation diagram stable s.s. unstable s.s. min/max  M Cdk/CycB Exit G2/M S/G2 Start G1 cell mass

  28. G1 checkpoint M 0.4 Cdk/CycB S/G2 G1 0 0 2 3 5 1 4 cell mass metaphase checkpoint G2 checkpoint 1.6 M M 1.2 0.4 Exit G2/M Cdk/CycB Cdk/CycB 0.8 S/G2 0.4 G1 G1 S/G2 0 0 0 2 3 5 1 4 4 0 2 3 5 1 cell mass cell mass Checkpoint controls

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