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Introduction

Introduction. Geography. Location: South Central Asia. Border Countries: China Iran Pakistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan. 34 Provinces ,398 districts and the capital is KABUL. History. Pre-Islamic period Islamic conquests and Mongol invasion

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Introduction

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  1. Introduction

  2. Geography Location: South Central Asia Border Countries: China Iran Pakistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan 34 Provinces ,398 districts and the capital is KABUL

  3. History • Pre-Islamic period • Islamic conquests and Mongol invasion • Hotaki dynasty and the DurraniEmpire • Barakzai dynasty and European influence

  4. History • 334 - 326 BCE Alexander the Great’s • 30 - 248 CE Kushan Empire • 642 – 1187 Islamic Conquest of Afghanistan • 962 – 1186 Ghaznavid Dynasty • 1219 Mongol Invasion • 1747 – 1826 Durrani Empire • 1839 – 1842 First Anglo-Afghan War(Between Russia and Great Britain) • 1878 – 1880 Second Anglo-Afghan War • 1893 British establish the Durand Line • 1919-1929 The kingdom of Afghanistan • 1973 Republic of Afghanistan • Dec 1979 – Feb 1989 Soviet Occupation

  5. History • 1994 : Civil war intensifies;70% of country destroyed;Taliban rise to power • 1996 : Taliban capture Kabul • 1998 : U.S. cruise missiles strike an Al Qaeda training complex • Sep 2001 : Northern Alliance leader Ahmad Shah Masood killed by Al Qaeda ;attacks on World Trade Center and Pentagon • Oct 2001 Coalition forces begin air and ground operations ,support to Northern Alliance • Nov 2001 : Northern Alliance Captures Kabul

  6. History • Jan 2004 : New constitution introduced • Oct 2004 : Presidential elections ,Karzai elected • Nov 2009 : President Karzai sworn in for second term.

  7. Population 29,928,987 Pashtun 42% , Tajik 27% , Hazara 9% , Uzbek 9% , Aimak 4 % , Turkmen 3% , Baloch 2% , Others

  8. PASHTUN • Largest Afghan ethnicity • Pashtu primary language • The term “Afghan” is historically synonymous with Pashtun

  9. TAJIK • 2nd Largest ethnic group (25-30%) • Speakers of Farsi/Dari • Mostly Sunny Muslim

  10. HAZARA

  11. UZBEK

  12. NURESTANI

  13. TURKMEN

  14. KUCHI(NOMADIC)

  15. BALUCH

  16. Education • More than 80 % of females and around 50 % of males don’t have access to education. • 700 schools have been closed in the country because of poor security. • Literacy of the entire population is estimated at 34%. Female literacy is 10%.

  17. Afghanistan Baluchirugs. • Most of the weavers in Afghanistan are the Ersari Turkmen, In addition, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Kazakhs, and Arabs label their rugs according to their ethnic group.[ • The major sheep product exports are wool, and highly prized Karakul skins.

  18. Languages -- Persian (Dari) 50% -- Pashtu (official) 35% -- Uzbek and Turkmen (Turkic) 11% -- Balochi and Pashai (Minor) 11% -- Others 3%

  19. Fruits (grapes, oranges, melons, pomegranates, apricots, peaches ) • Nuts and dry fruits

  20. Primary Industry

  21. Culture

  22. Agriculture

  23. Organization

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