March 24, 2011

1. March 24, 2011 Bell ringer: Benchmark Statements: Class Assignment:

2. Experiment 1 Mineral A scratched the glass plate. The steel file did not scratch Mineral A. Mineral B was scratched by the steel file. It scratched the glass plate. Mineral B was scratched by Mineral A. Experiment2 Mineral A had no streak produced when scraped across the porcelain tile. Mineral B had a reddish-brown streak produced on the porcelain tile. What is the hardness of mineral A? What is the hardness of mineral B? What kind of streak does mineral A leave? What kind of streak does mineral B leave? Mineral C is scratched by both A and B but not the copper penny what is the hardness of mineral C?

3. After 3 half lives how much of the sample would be decayed? If the original mass of a radioactive isotope was 24 grams how much of the sample would be left after 3 half-lives? After how many half lives is half of the original sample left?

4. As the number of half-lives increases the percent of the original sample? After 2 half-lives the percent carbon-14 remaining would be? The number of years it would take for 4 half-lives would be?

5. What is the half-life of this radioactive isotope? What would be the mass of the sample after 250 years? As time increases the mass remaining?

6. How many more boxes should be shaded to represent the additional decay material formed during the second half-life?

7. Which diagram best represents the percentage of this radioactive isotope that would remain after 2 half-lives?

8. Which type of boundary is present at this underwater mountain range? • Which statement best describes the type of motion occurring at the underwater mountain range? • North American oceanic plate is moving towards Eurasian oceanic plate • Eurasian oceanic plate is moving away from the North American oceanic plate • North American continental plate is moving towards Eurasian continental plate • Eurasian continental plate is moving away from the North American continental plate

9. Name the layers of the Earth from the inside to the outside. • Name the layers of the Earth in order of increasing thickness. • Using the scale of 6,371 km = 20 cm, how many cm should be drawn on a scale model to represent the thickness of the outer core? • As you move from the inner core to the crust the thickness of the layers

10. What type of boundaries are associated with volcanic activity? • At which type of boundary is land conserved?

11. What type of tectonic plate motion represented by the arrow shown at D? Identify the type of tectonic motion represented by the arrows shown at A, B, and C

12. What could be the driving force behind the movement of plate tectonics? • The rocks in the mantel are heated by How Plates Move Powered by forces originating in Earth’s radioactive, solid iron inner core, these tectonic plates move ponderously about at varying speeds and in different directions atop a layer of much hotter, softer, more malleable rock called the athenosphere. Because of the high temperatures and immense pressures found here, the uppermost part of the athenosphere is deformed and flows almost plastically just beneath the Earth’s surface. This characteristic of the athenosphere to flow allows the plates to inch along on their endless journeys around the surface of the earth, moving no faster than human fingernails grow. One idea that might explain the ability of the athenosphere to flow is the idea of convection currents. When mantle rocks near the radioactive core are heated, they become less dense than the cooler, upper mantle rocks. These warmer rocks rise while the cooler rocks sink, creating slow, vertical currents within the mantle (these convection currents move mantle rocks only a few centimeters a year). This movement of warmer and cooler mantle rocks, in turn, creates pockets of circulation within the mantle called convection cells. The circulation of these convection cells could very well be the driving force behind the movement of tectonic plates over the athenosphere. • The athenosphere is located • The word malleable means • According to the passage Earth’s plates move

13. When divergent boundaries occur on land they are called What happens at divergent boundaries? Divergent Boundaries: At divergent boundaries new crust is created as one or more plates pull away from each other. Oceans are born and grow wider where plates diverge or pull apart. As seen below, when a diverging boundary occurs on land a 'rift', or separation will arise and over time that mass of land will break apart into distinct land masses and the surrounding water will fill the space between them.

14. Refer to Rock Tables 1 and 2 • A metamorphic rock composed mostly of olivine was most likely formed from which of the following igneous rocks? -basalt -peridolite -granite -Schist • Which of the following rocks can be melted to form magma? -Gabbro - slate - Limestone - all rocks • Which of the following rocks could be formed from chemical precipitates? - Rock salt - schist - Sandstone -basalt • Which of the following rocks is considered to be fine grained? - slate -obsidian - breccias -pegmatite

15. Refer to Rock Tables 1 and 2 • When magma solidifies the following type(s) of rocks form. -Metamorphic - sedimentary - all rock types -all rock types • As a stream slows down from 10 cm/s to 1 cm/s which type of rock would form on the stream bed? - sandstone -gabbro -Rhyolite -Slate • The metamorphism of shale into slate -Requires a great deal of heat and pressure -Requires pressure but not heat - Requires heat but not pressure -Requires a minimal amount of heat and pressure • Which rock is formed from the solidification of magma and is dense and dark in color? - Granite - pumice - Schist - gabbro

16. Refer to Rock Tables 1 and 2 • Which of the following rocks could be formed from compaction and/or cementation and is composed of fine grains -anthracite coal -sandstone -basalt - schist • Which of the following rocks could be formed from heat and or pressure and is formed from various minerals? - Hornfels - Metaconglomerate • Both hornfels and metaconglomeate • Siltstone • Which of the following rocks forms beneath the Earth’s surface? - Granite -both granite and marble -marble - scoria • Which of the following rocks have a grain size smaller than 1 mm (1mm = 0.1cm)? -Basalt -rhyolite - Siltstone -all three

17. Refer to Rock Tables 1 and 2 • Which rock(s) metamorphisize to form marble? • limestone and dolostone • quartzite and schist • granite and pegmatite • bituminous coal • Which of the following rocks can form sediments when exposed to weathering and erosion? • Igneous • sedimentary • Metamorphic • all three; igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic • Which of the following minerals that make up igneous rock are light in color and have lower densities? • Feldspar and quartz • Quartz and olivine • Olivine and pyroxene • Feldspar and olivine