Chapter 8 Section 1

1. Chapter 8 Section 1 Regions of Canada

2. Regions of Canada Canada - covers most of the northern half of North America Provinces- political divisions - Canada has ten - government gives a great deal of power to these provinces

3. The Atlantic Provinces Four Atlantic Provinces - Newfoundland and Labrador - Prince Edward Island - Nova Scotia - New Brunswick *Located in southeastern corner of Canada *All four border on Atlantic Ocean

4. The Atlantic Provinces • Links to the Sea - Maritime- bordering on or related to the sea - hundreds of bays and inlets - excellent harbors for fishing - most residents live along coast *Atlantic Provinces are the smallest- in land and population

5. The Atlantic Provinces • Economic Activities - Fishing - Forestry - Farming - tourism

6. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Provinces Two Provinces - Quebec - Ontario *core of Canada’s population and economic activity * surrounds the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River

7. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Provinces • Three Landscapes 1. - Canadian Shield - covers most of Quebec and Ontario - has poor soil/cold climate but rich in minerals 2. – Hudson Bay Lowlands - located between Canadian Shield and Hudson Bay - flat, swampy region 3. – St. Lawrence Lowlands - 60% of Canada’s population lives here - rich soil/mild climate

8. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence ProvincesPage 183-185 • Characteristics of Ontario - St. Lawrence Seaway - Toronto - Ottawa • Characteristics of Quebec - Montreal - Quebec

9. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Provinces • Characteristics of Ontario - St. Lawrence Seaway - connects the Great Lakes to the St. Lawrence River (aka Canada’s highway to sea) - Lock- an enclosed area on a canal that raises or lowers ships from one water level to another *refer to the diagram on page 183

10. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Provinces • Characteristics of Ontario - rich soil/minerals - southeastern part of province - most land is used for farming - most people live here *Toronto- the capital of Ontario - largest metropolitan area *Ottawa- the national capital of Canada - located on Ottawa River in southeastern Ontario

11. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Provinces • Characteristics of Quebec - Bedrock- solid rock that is usually covered by soil, gravel, and sand - covers much of this province - mining/forestry *Montreal- largest city *Quebec- capital of province (Quebec)/also oldest city in Canada - 1608- founded by Samuel de Champlain - sent by France to establish a colony

12. The Prairie Provinces Three Prairie Provinces 1. Alberta 2. Manitoba 3. Saskatchewan *Located in the southwestern part of Canada between the Rocky Mountains and the Canadian Shield. * Known for its rolling fields of wheat

13. The Prairie Provinces • Patterns of Settlement - cities located along railroads built in 1800’s - about half of people in these provinces live in these cities (example: Winnipeg) - “grains and trains dominate life” in this region • Economic Activities - agriculture (wheat) - tourism - oil industry *area provides most of Canada’s grain and cattle

14. British Columbia Canada’s westernmost province - Vancouver- largest city in this province - major port on the Pacific Ocean

15. The Northern Territories Northern part of Canada: - Yukon Territory - Northwest Territories - Nunavut (established in 1999) * 1% of Canada’s population live here

16. The Northern Territories • Native people call themselves Inuit – meaning “the people.” • Rich deposit of minerals - gold, silver, copper, iron ore, etc. - petroleum - natural gas *Harsh climate and rugged terrain has left much of this wealth still buried within the earth.