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Exploring the World of Cells: History, Structure, and Specialization

Discover the journey of cell discovery from Hooke to modern theories. Explore cell size, types, and specialization in organisms through images and animations. Learn about cell theory, endosymbiotic theory, and the importance of cell specialization in differentiating organisms. Understand the concept of cell size and the role of cells in forming tissues, organs, and organ systems. Dive into the fascinating world of cells and their significance in living organisms.

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Exploring the World of Cells: History, Structure, and Specialization

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  1. Cell PEOPLE, Cell Size, and Cell Specialization Chap 7-1 & 7-4 http://www.parlament-berlin.de/Galeriecopy.nsf/0/8ABC720262898739C1256A480037F869?OpenDocumen http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg t

  2. 1665- ______________________ used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork and saw “little boxes” Robert Hooke He called them “CELLS” because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in called Cells Microscope image: http://www.answers.com/topic/microscopeCork image: http://www.cortex.de/img_kork/cork_cells_big.jpg Hooke image: http://www.metaweb.com/wiki/upload/5/5c/Hookeyoungmtwb.jpg

  3. 1673- ___________________________________ a Dutch microscope maker was the first to see LIVING ORGANISMS. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Microscope/Leeuwenhoek image: http://www.answers.com/topic/microscopeAnimation from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm

  4. 1838-German botanist __________________________concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells Matthias Schleiden Plant image: http://www.epa.gov/maia/images/classification.gifSchleiden image: http://web.visionlearning.com/events/Schleiden_Apr5_2005.htm

  5. Schwann image: http://home.tiscalinet.ch/biografien/biografien/schwann.htm Animals image: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.htm 1839-German zoologist _________________________concluded that Theodor Schwann ALL ANIMALS ARE MADE OF CELLS

  6. 1855- German medical doctor _____________________ saw dividing cells in the microscope and reasoned that cells come from other cells Rudolph Virchow Virchow: http://www.parlament-berlin.de/Galeriecopy.nsf/0/8ABC720262898739C1256A480037F869?OpenDocument Mitosis: http://biology.dbs.umt.edu/biol101/labs/lab_6_images/sect01and06/Rebecca,%20tanner,%20and%20liam%20mitosis%20root%20tip.jpg

  7. CELL THEORY 1. All living things are ________________________. MADE OF CELLS 2. Cells are the basic unit of ____________ & _____________ in an organism. (cell = basic unit of _____________) STRUCTURE FUNCTION life 3. Cells come from the reproduction of ____________ cells existing Cell image: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1a.htm

  8. 1970- American Biologist _____________________ provides evidence for the idea that certain organelles within cells were once free-living cells themselves. = _________________________ Lynn Margulis ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Margulis

  9. ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY See a movie about ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Endosymbiosis_theory.gif

  10. Evidence for Endosymbiotic theory DNA • Mitochondia and chloroplasts have circular_______ similar to bacteria. 2. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have ______________ whose size and structure resemble bacterial ribosomes. 3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicated using _________________ like bacteria. 4. _______________________ of mitochondria and chloroplasts have a composition similar to bacterial membranes. RIBOSOMES Binary fission INNER MEMBRANES http://www.cytochemistry.net/cell-biology/mitochondria_lifecycle_graduate.htm

  11. All living things made of cells BUT… organisms can be very different. Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/bacsiz.GIF UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR http://www.angelbabygifts.com/ http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

  12. CELL SIZE http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/gdavis/links%20100.htm Typical cells range from: 5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter

  13. How big is a micron ( µ ) ? http://www.talentteacher.com/pics/005cb.jpg 1 cm = 10,000 microns 1” = 25,000 microns

  14. They have different kinds of cells doing different jobs MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS. Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg

  15. Cells in a multi-cellular organism become SPECIALIZED by turning different genes on and off Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg Cell Specialization =DIFFERENTIATION

  16. SPECIALIZED ANIMAL CELLS Red blood cells Muscle cells http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/images/bloodcells3D.jpg Cheek cells http://www.mlms.logan.k12.ut.us/~ajohnson/Cells.html

  17. Specialized Plant cells Guard cells Xylem cells Pollen Guard cells: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/img/Botany_130/Diversity/Bryophytes/Anthoceros/Guard_cells.jpg Xylem: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Secondary_Growth/Woody_Stems/Tilia_Stem/Secondary_Growth/One_Year_Stem/Primary_xylem_MC.jpg Pollen: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/pollen.jpg

  18. ________ __________  ___________ MOLECULES ORGANELLES ATOMS IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

  19. ____________  ____________  CELLS TISSUES Similar cells working together IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

  20. ___________  __________ ___________ ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANS ORGANISM Different tissuesworking together Different organsworking together IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

  21. SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS Students will be able to: • explain the process of specialization 9-12.L.1.3.A (ADVANCED) • describe the relationships between the levels of organization in multi-cellular organisms(cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organism) (PROFICIENT) • explain how gene expression regulates cell growth and differentiation 9-12.L.1.3.A(Tissue formation, development of new cells from original stem cells (ADVANCED)

  22. NATURE OF SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the nature and origin of scientific knowledge. 9-12.N.1.1. Students are able to evaluate a scientific discovery to determine and describe how societal, cultural, and personal beliefs influence scientific investigations and interpretations. • Recognize scientific knowledge is not merely a set of static facts but is dynamic and affords the best current explanations.

  23. SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.1.3A. Students are able to explain how gene expression regulates cell growth and differentiation. Examples: Tissue formation Development of new cells from original stem cells

  24. Core High School Life SciencePerformance Descriptors

  25. IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm Paint image by Riedell Paint image by Riedell http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

  26. http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gifhttp://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.html http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://classes.kumc.edu/som/bioc801/lectures/images/mem01-08.gif http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_nucleus.html

  27. http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg http://www.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/~anatomy2/BON/1016A03.jpg http://www.carolguze.com/text/102-19-tissuesorgansystems.shtml http://academic.pg.cc.md.us/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/Immune/Innate_Images/cilia.jpg http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookAnimalTS.html http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147b.gif

  28. http://vilenski.org/science/safari/fungus/fungus.html http://www.proctitispages.force9.co.uk/ http://www.harrythecat.com/graphics/ http://bestanimations.com http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm

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