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Developmental Theories: Life-Course / Latent Trait

Developmental Theories: Life-Course / Latent Trait. SOC 112 Chapter 9. Developmental. Criminal behavior - originates primarily in personality - others environmental / situational factors a. Focus - natural history of a criminal career - onset / continuation / termination

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Developmental Theories: Life-Course / Latent Trait

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  1. Developmental Theories:Life-Course / Latent Trait SOC 112 Chapter 9

  2. Developmental • Criminal behavior - originates primarily in personality - others environmental / situational factors a. Focus - natural history of a criminal career - onset / continuation / termination b. Foundations - Sheldon / Eleanor Glueck - evolution of criminality

  3. Develop, cont. - start / stop / continue / escalate / deescalate c. “Life-Course Theory” - begin relationships / behaviors accepted - developmental process (1) Factors that influence behavior - change (2) Characteristics / traits / experiences / - behavior changes over the life course - let evil spirits escape

  4. Develop, cont. (3) Problem Behavior Syndrome - crime is interrelated - family dysfunction / physical-sexual abuse / substance abuse / smoking / educational underachievement / etc. (4) ExhibitPBS - more difficulties / general population (5) Greater propensity for criminality - damaging factors - changes made

  5. Develop, cont. d. Pathways to crime - Rolf Loeber - three distinct pathways - beginning of a criminal career (1) Authority conflict pathway - stubborn / defiant / disobedient - leads to authority avoidance (2) Covert pathway - minor offenses = more serious forms - theft / drugs / burglary / etc.

  6. Develop, cont. (3) Overt pathway - escalates to aggressive acts - aggression = physical = violence e. Specialists / generalists - personal crime / property crime - any type of crime f. Age of onset / continuity - seeds of criminal career planted early - earlier start = greater chance into adult

  7. Develop, cont. (1) Adolescent-limited offenders (T. Moffitt) - typical teenager - minor offenses - age out (2) Life-course persisters - offend early = continue to offend (3) Late bloomers - not until late teenage years - become violent persisters

  8. Develop, cont. 2. Criminal Life Course Theory - integrated theories A. Age-Graded (Sampson / Laub) - maintenance of a criminal career - affected by events later in life B. Social capital - connections with society - friends / job / marriage = influence - criminals do not have “turning points”

  9. Develop, cont. C. Latent Trait Theory - personal attribute / characteristic - control inclination / propensity to crime (1) Feature present at birth / soon after - characteristic / feature / condition - guides / shapes behavior (2) Defective intelligence / damaged personality / genetic abnormalities / brain dysfunction / etc.

  10. Develop, cont. D. Crime and human nature (James Wilson) - all human behavior - based on perceived consequences - biological / psychological traits influence (1) Elusive trait - predisposes - commit crimes E. General Theory of Crime - two latent traits - impulsive personality / lack self-control

  11. Develop, cont. (1) Immediate gratification - impulsive / insensitive - risk takers (2) Poor child-rearing

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