The Puritan Plain Style

1. The Puritan Plain Style Huswifery To My Dear and Loving Husband

2. Edward Taylor1642 - 1729 • Puritanism was a religious reform movement that began in England in the sixteenth century. • The Puritans sought to reform the Church of England and to reshape English society according to their beliefs. • These efforts led to both civil strife and government persecution of the Puritans. • In response, many Puritans, including Edward Taylor, fled to American colonies.

3. Edward Taylor • Edward Taylor had worked as a teacher in England. • Upon arriving in Boston in 1668, Taylor entered Harvard College as a sophomore, graduating in 1671. • After graduation, he accepted the position of minister and physician in the small frontier farming community of Westfield, Mass. • He then walked more than one hundred miles, much of it through snow, to his new home.

4. Edward Taylor • Experience many hardships including personal tragedies. • Five of his eight children died in infancy. • His wife died when she was still a young woman. • He remarried and had five or six more children. (Biographies differ on the number).

5. Edward Taylor • Is now generally regarded as the best of the North American colonial poets. • Yet because he thought of his poetry as a form of personal worship, he allowed only two stanzas to be published during his lifetime. • In 1833, one of his descendants gave Taylor’s writings to Yale University, and in 1939, The Political Works of Edward Taylor was published. • Most of Taylor’s poetry, including “Huswifery,” uses extravagant comparisons, intellectual wit, and subtle argument to explore religious faith and affection.

6. Anne Bradstreet1612-1672 • Arrived with her husband in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 when she was only eighteen. • Armed with convictions of her Puritan upbringing, she left behind her hometown of Northampton, England to start afresh in America. • It was not an easy life for Bradstreet, who raised eight children and faced many hardships

7. Anne Bradstreet • Anne wrote for herself, not for publication. • In 1650, her brother-in-law, John Woodbridge, arranged for the publication in England of a collection of her scholarly poems, The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, By a Gentlewoman of Those Parts. • Generally considered to be the first collection of original poetry written in colonial America. • The book examined the rights of women to express themselves.

8. Anne Bradstreet • Bradstreet’s later poems, such as “To My Dear and Loving Husband,” are more personal, expressing her feelings about the joys and difficulties of everyday Puritan life. • In one she wrote about her thoughts before giving birth. • In another, she wrote about the death of a grandchild. • Bradstreet’s poetry reflects the Puritan’s knowledge of the stories and language of the Bible, as well as their concern for the relationship between earthly and heavenly life. • Her work also exhibits some of the characteristics of the French and English poetry of her day.

9. Puritans • Unlike most of us today, the Puritans had few possessions, dressed uniformly, and frowned on creative expression. • Because they left so few personal belongings behind, they remain a mystery. • These poems provide us with glimpses into the poets’ inner lives • They show the universal emotions individual Puritans experienced within the confines of their culture.

10. Puritan Plain Style • Writing style reflects the plain style of their lives – spare, simple, straightforward. • The Puritan Plain Style is characterized by short words, direct statements, and references to ordinary, everyday objects. • Puritans believed that poetry should serve God by clearly expressing only useful or religious ideas. • Poetry appealing to the senses or emotions was viewed as dangerous.

11. Comparing Literary Works • The poems by Taylor and Bradstreet are both expressions of devotion, but they are very different in the way they address the beloved. • Taylor use apostrophe- a figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses a person who is dead or not physically present, a personified object, or non-human thing, or an abstract quality or idea. • Line 1: Make me, O Lord, Thy spinning wheel complete.

12. Comparing Literary Works • By contrast, the title of Bradstreet’s poem indicates that the speaker is addressing her husband, but the poem contains no apostrophe. • As you read, look for ways in which each poem reflects a distinct relationship between the speaker and his or her object of affection.

13. Reading StrategyParaphrasing • Although these poems capture the simplicity of Puritan life, they are not necessarily simple to understand. • To help you better absorb the meaning of each poem, take time to paraphrase, or restate in your own words, the ideas expressed by each poet. • Because it helps to clarify meaning, paraphrasing will allow you to make accurate statements about each poet’s ideas. • Use the graphic organizer provided to help organize your paraphrases.

14. Vocabulary • recompense: n. Repayment; something given or done in return for something else. • manifold: adv. In many ways • persevere: v. persist; be steadfast in purpose.

15. Puritan Names Sin-denie Sorry-for-sin No-merit Continent Accepted Thankful More-fruite Faint-not Joy-againe From-above Free-gift • Learn-Wisdom • Hate-evil • Assurance • Tribulation • Merciful • Stedfast • Renewed • Safe-on-Heighe • Rejoyce • Increased

16. Called Meek Approved Be-courteous Elected Arise Sincere Wrestling Remember Peaceable Revolt Supply Pardon What-God-Will Given • Reformation • Earth • Dust • Ashes • Ashes • Delivery • The-Lord-is-Near • Discipline • Purific • Hopeful • Faith-my-joy • Original • Restraint • Zeal-of-the-Land • http://rjg42.tripod.com/puritan_names.htm

17. Repentence Humiliation Humility Abstinence Humble Godly Lively Faithful Magnify Give-thanks Be-strong Sin-deny Refrayne Repent • Perseverance • Contemplation • Love • Humanity • Clemency • Justice • Truth • Silence • Experience • Endure • Obedience • Victory • Confidence • Comfort

18. Thanks Accepted Unfeigned Preserved Beloved Joye-in-sorrow Lamentation Stand-fast-on-high Aid-on-high Restore Helpless Forsaken • Return • Depend • Learn-Wysdome • Hate-evill • Hatill (Hate-ill) • Lament • Live-well • Fare-well • Free-gift • From-above • Replenish • Increase • Deliverance • Much-mercie

19. Flie-FornicationA name like this would probably be given to a foundling or illegitimate child, as a reminder to not behave like their sinful parents • Fortune • Wealthy • Unity • Providence